Two millennia ago, Roman poet Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) wrote about the ages of humanity, which he believed to be four:
– The Golden Age – an era dominated by peace and justice. People had not yet learned the art of navigation and therefore did not know the whole world.
– The Silver Age – the supreme god Jupiter introduced the seasons and people learned agriculture and architecture.
– The Bronze Age – people were prone to war, but not devoid of respect for the gods.
– The Iron Age – people marked out nations with borders, learned navigation and mining. They became warriors, greedy and arrogant in the eyes of the gods. Modesty and loyalty were nowhere to be found.
Ovid’s four ages have a counterpart in Hinduism, where a cosmic cycle lasts 4.32 million years and has four ages:
– The Age of Gold (Satya) – lasts 1,728,000 years. All beings were perfect and needed neither food nor shelter.
– The Age of Silver (Treta) – lasts 1,296,000 years. People took their food from enchanted trees that gave them everything they wanted and everyone studied the Vedas. The gods divided mortals into priests, kings, producers and slaves, each fulfilling typical tasks for their caste.
– The Age of Bronze (Dwapara) – lasts 864,000 years. Wars began and people could no longer fully understand the Vedas, so the gods divided them into four books.
– The Dark Age of Iron (Kali) – lasts 432,000 years. People are corrupt and immorality rules the Earth. This age hastens its end through violence, until cosmic dissolution gives way to a new creation and a new Golden Age, thus beginning the cycle anew.
Eight centuries before Ovid, Greek poet Hesiod wrote about the ages of humanity, which he believed to be five:
– The Golden Age – the time when titan Kronos ruled the world. People and gods lived together in peace and harmony. Mortals did not have to work because the earth provided them with food. They lived for a very long time, and after death their spirits became daemons, guardians of humanity.
– The Silver Age – the beginning of Zeus’ reign. Humans grew up for 100 years but lived little as adults, spending this short time in conflict with each other. In this era, humans refused to worship the gods and Zeus destroyed them for their lack of respect. After death, people of this era became blessed spirits of the afterlife.
– The Bronze Age – war was the purpose and passion of humans. They made weapons, tools and homes out of bronze. Being ruined by their violence, they left behind no superior spirits, only inhabitants of the afterlife.
– The Heroic Age – demigods and heroes lived among humans. After death, their spirits went to the Elysian Fields.
– The Iron Age – humanity lives in suffering and toil. Children dishonor their parents, siblings fight each other, evil people lie to appear good and strength dominates. At the height of this era, people do not feel ashamed or outraged when they do wrong, children are born with gray hair and the gods completely abandon humanity.
Like Hesiod, the Aztecs also divided humanity into five eras, which they called „suns”:
– The Jaguar Sun (Nahui-Ocelotl) – the world was inhabited by giants who were devoured by jaguars, leading to the end of this era.
– The Wind Sun (Nahui-Ehecatl) – the inhabitants of the Earth were transformed into monkeys. This era was destroyed by hurricanes.
– The Rain Sun (Nahui-Quiahuitl) – all beings were killed by a rain of fire. Only birds survived or, in another version, humans who turned into birds.
– The Water Sun (Nahui-Atl) – the world was flooded and humans transformed into fish. Only one couple managed to escape, but they were transformed into dogs.
– The Earthquake Sun (Nahui-Ollin) – the present world. This will be destroyed by earthquakes or, in an alternate version, by a single great earthquake.
In 1820, Danish researcher Christian Jurgensen Thomsen divided human prehistory into three eras: Stone, Bronze and Iron. In 1865, banker, politician, biologist and archaeologist John Lubbock divided the Stone Age into Paleolithic and Neolithic. Since 1930, Mesolithic or Epipaleolithic has also appeared in the specialized literature. Thus, we can consider that, from an archaeological point of view, human prehistory is divided into five eras (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age), a classification similar to that of the Aztecs and Hesiod.
The five eras of archaeology, of the Aztecs and of Hesiod correspond to the four mentioned by Ovid and Hinduism. The first of them, the Golden Age, was called the Dream Time by Polynesian tribes. In the Bible, it was the time Adam and Eve spent in the Garden of Eden. It was an era of peace and harmony, the period during which Enki ruled the Earth. Peace ended with the arrival of Enlil, which led to the beginning of the first war of the gods, thus passing into the second era, the Silver Age. In this era, on the sixth day of biblical genesis, man arose.
From a scientific point of view, the order of Primates split from arboreal mammals 70 million years ago. It diversified into several evolutionary lines, one of which was the order of Hominidae, which appeared 30 million years ago and split later into Ponginae subfamily (the ancestors of today’s great anthropoid apes) and Homininae (from which man evolved). The later further subdivided into three branches 8 million years ago: Gorillini (gorillas), Hominini and the extinct tribe Dryopithecini. The tribe Hominini includes the extant genera Hominina or Australopithecina (humans and their extinct relatives) and Panina (chimpanzees and bobonos). A group of Australopithecines called Gracile (emerged 3.8 million years ago) evolved into early Homo (emerged 2.6 million years ago). One million years ago, Homo erectus split from early Homo with its four subspecies: Java Man, Peking Man (Sinanthropus), North African Man (Atlantropus) and Mauer Man. Homo erectus disappeared 400,000 years ago. Homo sapiens emerged 100,000 years later from a species commonly designated as Homo heidelbergensis or Homo rhodesiensis, the descendant of Homo erectus that remained in Africa. Emerged suddenly and inexplicably, Homo sapiens migrated out of the continent, gradually replacing or interbreeding with local populations of archaic humans, like Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (which disappeared without a trace from Europe and Africa 30,000 years ago, surviving only in restricted areas of Asia). The most advanced prehistoric human races, which emerged 30 – 40,000 years ago, are the Cro-Magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi, Murzak-Koba, Brunn, Comb-Capelle and La Madelaine groups. The species Homo sapiens is now divided into four main races: the Europid race (white), the Mongoloid race (yellow), the Negroid race (black) and the Australoid race (red).
The Europid and Negroid races are characterized by a tall stature, with an average height of 1.75 meters. This sudden increase in height is unjustified and even strange. From the gracile Australopithecines (who were 1.20 meters tall) to the Neanderthal Man (1.55 meters) there was a growth of 35 centimeters in 3.6 million years. However, from the disappearance of Homo neanderthalensis in Africa and Europe to the appearance of Homo sapiens, there was a jump of 20 – 25 centimeters in just 5,000 years. What caused this height increase? Or who?
Not only the height has evolved strangely, but also the capacity of the cranium, which determines the size of the brain and, implicitly, the degree of intelligence. In two to three million years, from the Australopithecines (700 cm3) to Homo erectus (900 cm3) there was a 200 cm3 increase. However, in just 300,000 years, there was a spectacular jump to Homo neanderthalensis (1600 cm3) and Homo sapiens (1700 cm3). Science cannot explain these sudden transformations, which cannot be considered insignificant accidents. Darwin’s theory cannot explain either the increase in height or the increase in cranial capacity, nor the disappearance of other hominid species. More and more specialists believe that these transformations are the result of repeated genetic interventions. The best example is the hominid skeleton discovered in 1974 by paleontologist Donald Johanson. The skeleton, named Lucy, shows remarkable signs of evolution compared to the species that preceded it a million years ago. This period, which means just a moment in geological time, allows a maximum of 250 genetic mutations, which appear through natural evolution. However, the transformations produced in Lucy’s anatomical details required two million genetic mutations, possible only in a few hundred million years. In addition, these mutations could not have been triggered and perpetuated by natural genetic accidents. In this case, the only viable explanation remains that those genetic modifications were artificial. But who caused them?
After Enlil imprisoned Enki in the Underworld (where he spent six months a year and the rest of the six in a parallel dimension), he took his rival’s wife and city, ascending to the throne of Earth in Eridu. The Sumerian King List shows us that before the Flood, Eridu was ruled by Alulim. After eight shar (28,800 years), Alulim was replaced by Alalgar, who ruled for ten shar (36,000 years). After this period Eridu was abandoned and royalty moved to Bad-tibira. Alalgar can be translated as „He who drove away the one who held the water”, which can only be Enlil, the one who banished the god of water to the Underworld. Becoming the king of Earth, Enlil was not satisfied with taking his rival’s freedom, wife, throne and city, but he also sentenced his followers to hard labor. „Let the fallen gods serve us day after day„, he said in the Babylonian poem Enuma Elish. Enki’s Igigi were forced to build seven more cities and work in gold mines, with which Enlil decorated his palace. As a result, later humans considered gold to be the metal of the gods and even offered it to them, decorating their places of worship with it. Furthermore, the human kings imitated the gods, adorning their homes with gold.
The Epic of Atra-Hasis describes the story in detail:
„When the gods, like humans, had to work,
Suffering the burden of toil that exhausts, The work of the gods was harsh, day and night without ceasing,
Much fatigue.„
At that time, the great gods had divided their tasks among themselves:
„Anu, the father of the Anunnaki, was their celestial god;
The warrior Enlil their ruler.
The leadership of their armies was given to Ninurta,
And the god Ennugi (Enki) was the Great Watcher.„
Seven cities were founded, governed by seven gods. A text that speaks of the construction of Enlil’s city, Nippur, states that „Anunna, the gods of heaven and Earth, are working. In their hands, they hold the trowel and the basket with which the bricks for the city’s foundation are carried„. The Greeks had a similar myth, in which Zeus forced Poseidon and Apollo to build the walls of the city of Troy as punishment for their rebellion.
„For forty periods„, the Epic of Atra-Hasis continues, „the lower gods endured the pain„. However, „they grumbled continuously and whispered secretly to each other„. Unable to bear the heavy work, the Igigi said to themselves:
„Let us go to our leader and complain,
For he may ease some of our enslaving pain.
The king of the gods, the hero Enlil,
Let us go to him, to his palace, and complain!„
The Igigi chose a leader whose name remains unknown because the fragment that speaks of him was damaged. But we know that he was „a great leader from ancient times„. His message was very clear:
„Now, we declare war,
Let us begin the battle now.„
The Sumerian text Enki and Ninmah gives us the identity of the rebel leader. Here, the Igigi worked hard, watched by the great Anunnaki. Enki was the only one who did not work, preferring to sleep in Abzu. As they did not like hard work at all, the Igigi complained to Enki, who in his wisdom had to find a solution. Therefore, he was that „great leader from ancient times” who instigated them to rebel against Enlil.
The Epic of Atra-Hasis continues with the following passage:
„The gods listened to his word,
They put on the fire their tools,
Their huge knives, which dug the earth,
They were also consumed by the fire.
They caught the god of the mines in the tunnels,
Bound, they took him
To the gate of the hero Enlil.„
The rebellion began at night, under the cover of darkness, while Enlil was asleep.
„It was night, the middle watch,
His house was surrounded,
But the god Enlil did not know.
Then Kalkal (Enlil’s gatekeeper) woke up,
He cracked the door and looked out.
Kalkal woke up Nusku (Enlil’s vizier)
And they listened to the noise outside, frightened.
Then Nusku woke up his master,
He pulled him out of bed and said:
‘Master, your house is surrounded,
The war has reached your gate.’„
After he awakened and realized he was surrounded by Igigi, Enlil asked Nusku to summon Anu.
„The message was sent and Anu was brought;
Enki was brought before him.
With all the great Anunnaki present at the Council,
Enlil stood up and spoke thus,
Addressing all the gods:
‘Have you risen against me?
Do I have to go out and fight you?
What do my eyes see?
Your rebellion has reached my gate!’„
Anu requested an investigation and Nusku went to the place where the rebels had gathered. He asked who was leading them, but the Igigi concealed their leader’s identity: „we all the gods have risen to fight„. And they continued:
„The forced labor kills us day by day,
We work too much and tire heavily.„
Upon hearing Nusku’s report, Enlil gave the rebels an ultimatum: either the leader of the rebellion is executed, or he leaves Earth. „Take back your command and all the powers you gave me„, he told Anu, „and I will leave with you to heaven„. But the emperor defended the rebels:
„Why do you accuse them?
Their work is hard and their toil is great!
Every day […]
And their sorrow is great, and no one listens to them.„
Encouraged by the heavenly father’s words, Enki spoke up, offering a solution:
„And because the Goddess of Births (Ninhursag) is here,
Let’s make a primitive worker,
And let him bear the yoke […]
Let him do all the work of the gods!„
On this occasion, he said according to Enuma Elish: „the fallen gods will rest„.
In the Bible, similar to Enki, Yahweh Elohim proposed: „Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth” (Genesis 1:26).
Enuma Elish, the Babylonian poem of creation, credits Marduk with creating mankind. Here, the god states:
„I will create a primitive being,
Man shall be his name.
I will create a worker;
He will do all the work of the gods,
So that they may be relieved of their burden.„
After a period of debate, the gods unanimously accepted Enki’s solution. Therefore, according to the Epic of Atra-Hasis,
„They called upon and asked the goddess,
The midwife of the gods, the wise Mami:
‘Thou, who art the goddess of birth, create a worker!
Create a primitive worker
And let him bear the yoke henceforth!
Let him bear the yoke given by Enlil,
Let the worker do the work of the gods from this day on!’„
Ninhursag replied that she needed Enki’s help for this mission. The Sumerian text Enki and Ninmah states that she descended into Abzu to communicate to her brother the decision of the gods to create a man, and that his task was to find the means to accomplish this mission. He replied, „the creature whose name you have uttered – it exists!„, adding, „make it in the likeness of the gods„. He then gave the mother goddess the necessary instructions:
„Mix in a vessel the clay
Brought from the End of the World,
Even from above Abzu
And shape it after the mold.
I shall summon good and wise gods
To bring the clay as it is needed.„
In the Babylonian version of the Epic of Atra-Hasis, the work of the scribe Nur-Aya of Sippar, Enki said that he would make purification rituals on certain days of the month. He commanded that „a god be killed so that all the gods may be purified in a bath. From his flesh and blood Nintu shall make clay, so that the god and man may mix well in the clay„. Geshtu-E, an insignificant god about whom no details are known, was sacrificed. The mother goddess kneaded that special clay „from the flesh and blood” of the god, into which the great gods spat to give it the right measure. Enuma Elish depicts an identical episode, with Enki stating:
„I will prepare a bath for purification,
We shall take blood from a god (…)
From his flesh and from his blood,
Ninti shall mix the clay.„
The god sacrificed in this text was Kingu, who was accused of instigating Tiamat to revolt. Kingu was bound, his arteries were cut and from his blood mixed with clay, Ea / Enki created humans, to whom he imposed „the duties of the gods to free them„. The sacrifice of a god, from whose body humans emerged, is also found in Hinduism, where the gods killed the giant Purusha, from whose head emerged the Brahmans, from his arms the kings, from his thighs the producers of goods and from his feet the slaves.
The purpose of mixing the divine element with the earthly one is explained in detail in Enuma Elish:
„In the soil, the god and man will be mixed,
To be as one.
And until the end of days
The flesh and soul
That was baked in the god –
That soul, through the bond of blood, shall be united.
At his sign, life shall triumph.
So that this shall not be forgotten forever,
The soul shall be bound forever by the bond of blood.„
In the House of Shimti,
„The god who purified Napishtu, Ea, spoke.
Before her he sat, urging her forward.
After she recited the incantation,
She placed her hands in the soil, mixing the mixture.„
„Wise and knowledgeable, twice seven goddesses of birth” were brought and
„Ninti molded fourteen pieces of clay;
She placed seven of them on the right,
And the others on the left.
Then she placed the mold between them.„
Ninhursag also establish the appropriate procedures for pregnancy, birth and marriage, so that mankind could reproduce and take on the duty of working for the gods. The idea that man was created to work (at least in the „official” version, which Enlil had to believe) is reflected not only in the Epic of Atra-Hasis and Enuma Elish, but also in the Bible: „And Yahweh Elohim took the man, and put him into the Garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it” (Genesis 2:15). In addition, in biblical times, the term translated as „worship” was „avod„, which means „to work”. Therefore, people not only worshiped their gods, but also worked for them. Even today, the Aboriginal people of Australia consider themselves caretakers of the Earth and servants of the beings from the Dream Time, the creators of the world and humans.
Similar processes of creating humans are also mentioned in other cultures. In Greece, Titan Prometheus created men out of clay and the goddess Athena breathed life into them. The Roman fabulist Phaedrus believed that Prometheus was drunk when he created the first humans, which is why they were all male. The god Hephaestus was credited with creating the first woman, Pandora. Zeus ordered Hephaestus to make the woman out of earth and then all the gods contributed by offering Pandora all sorts of seductive gifts. As a dowry, the gods gave her a box in which they locked all the evils of the world. Enchanted by her beauty (who wouldn’t be after living surrounded only by men?), Epimetheus, Prometheus’ brother, took her as his wife. Being curious, Pandora opened the box she received from the gods, letting all the evils escape into the world. Frightened, she closed the lid, keeping only Hope inside. Like the previous myths, we find here the same creation of humans by the gods from an earthly element (clay or dust), the contribution of multiple deities and, furthermore, an explanation for the appearance of evil in the world. It is also possible that this legend attempts to explain the emergence of homosexuality. Prometheus and Hephaestus are two representations of the same deity that the Sumerians called Enki. Prometheus was one of the Titans (the first rulers of Earth), who brought enlightenment to humans (fire from heaven), while Hephaestus was the god of craftsmanship, the one cast out of heaven and condemned to live apart from the rest of the gods on an island. And Athena is the Sumerian Ninhursag.
In Egypt, god Khnum made human bodies from clay on his potter’s wheel, while his wife, Heket, was responsible for breathing life (introducing the soul, called Ka) into the bodies, a process identical to that of the Greeks, where the protagonists were Prometheus and Athena. This method of animating humans is also find in the Bible: „And Yahweh Elohim formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul” (Genesis 2:7). The ram’s horns and its association with water identify Khnum with the Sumerian god Enki, while his wife, Heket, is Ninhursag.
The Chinese believed that the serpent-goddess Nuwa created humans from yellow clay (an explanation for the Chinese skin color), initially sculpting each one individually. After making a few hundred people, she got tired. So she discovered a much more efficient method: she dipped a rope in yellow clay and began to spin it. From each drop of clay that fell, a person was born. However, the goddess sculpted few more people, who became nobles. The snake deity, creator of humans, is clearly the Sumerian Ninhursag, but the Chinese preferred to eliminate her husband, Fuxi / Enki, from the creation story.
For the Yoruba population of West Africa, god Obatala made human bodies from dust, while god Olodumare gave them souls by breathing over them. The Quran also supports the idea of making humans from clay by Allah: „We created man from an extract of clay” (Surah 23:12). The Maya believed that the gods Kukulkan and Tepeu created the first humans from mud but, being dissatisfied with the result, they made others from wood, and then from corn. The first humans for the Scandinavians were also made of wood; god Odin breathed upon two tree trunks, transforming them into people: Ask („Ash”) and Embla („Elm”). God Ve gifted them speech, while Vile gave the woman senses and thought and the man got power, judgment and feelings.
Tibetans believe that a very wise monkey and a devilish female creature had six sons covered in hair, with red faces like monkeys. They became human and populated Tibet. As Enki was the god of wisdom, we can assume that he was the „very wise monkey” who created the first humans, and the „devilish female creature” who helped him was Ninhursag. Similarly, in the mythology of the Fon people of Benin, the twin gods Mawu and Lisa created humans and later gave them the gifts of sight, speech, consciousness and technology.
For the Maasai people of East Africa, En-kai is the god who created the world and humans. He gave the Maasai cattle as a gift, bringing them down to Earth on a strip of leather. The similarity between the names En-kai of the Maasai and Enki of the Sumerians is hard to miss, as they are the same deity. For the Zulu people of South Africa, the god Unkulunkulu made humans and animals from reeds. Initially he wanted humans to live forever, but later changed his mind. According to myths from all over the world, even Jesus in the New Testament believed that the serpent-god Enki was the creator of humans, considered the ultimate evil in many cultures: „Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do” (The Gospel of John 8:44). The Old Testament says that after creating Adam, Yahweh Elohim „breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul„. In Mesopotamian texts, the creation of humans took place in „Bit Shimti„, which was translated as the „House where the fate of man is determined”. However, the term „shimti” comes from the Sumerian word „shiimti„, which, syllable by syllable, means „breath wind life”. Therefore, „Bit Shimti” would be more accurately translated as „The House where the breath of life is breathed in”, which is practically identical to the biblical account and creation myths from Egypt, Greece and West Africa. The Akkadian term used to translate the Sumerian word „shiimti” was „napishtu„, identical to „nefesh„, both being something impossible to identify in the blood. What could that „breath of life” present in the blood be? In Deuteronomy, the fifth book of the Bible, the Hebrews were forbidden to eat blood „for the blood is the life” (12:23). In Enuma Elish, the sacrificed god had a „teema„, a word translated as „personality” by a number of authorities such as Wilfred George Lambert and Alan Ralph Millard of Oxford. However, according to the translation by writer Zecharia Sitchin, the term means „that which houses what is related to memory”. This term appears in the Akkadian version as „etemu„, a word usually translated as „spirit”. That „life” in the blood, which „houses what is related to memory”, that is DNA, can only be a gene of the god. And this shows that humans are not the product of natural evolution, but of genetic engineering.
According to the Sumerian text Enki and Ninmah, when the Mother Goddess asked Enki to create humans, he replied, „the creature whose name you have uttered – exists!„. That creature was the Homo erectus monkey, which genetically resembled the gods the most. Enki taught his twin sister the method by which Homo erectus could be transformed into humans: „make it in the likeness of the gods„. That „likeness” of the gods, which Homo erectus received to become Homo sapiens, is also mentioned in the Bible: „Let us make man in our image, after our likeness” (Genesis 1:26). The Fang population in Guinea has a similar myth of the creation of humans: the gods Nzame, Mebere and Nkwa created the first mortals, Sekume and his wife, after their own likeness. The Akkadian word „lulu„, used for „primitive man”, literally means „mixed one”, revealing the mixing of the gods’ and the Homo erectus monkeys’ genes. The sacrifice of a god, whose blood was mixed with earthly elements, represents DNA harvesting. Present genetic engineering has achieved cell fusion, which makes it possible to combine cells from different sources into a single cell that has multiple nuclei and different sets of chromosomes. The mixture of nuclei and chromosomes can make cells different from the original ones. In other words, cells from gods and Homo erectus can be combined to give birth to a new being, Homo sapiens, similar to both species, yet different. Only if they had the same genetic material, the angels in the Bible and the Book of Enoch, or the gods of all ancient religions, could have children with humans, as many texts suggest. Genetic engineering is also found in the Old Testament, in the story of the creation of Eve: „And Yahweh Elohim caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; And the rib, which Yahweh Elohim had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man” (Genesis 2:21-23). Adam’s sleep may be a mere anesthesia, and the rib from which the woman emerged may represent the DNA extracted from Adam and used to create her.
A group of researchers claimed in April 2011 that they discovered extraterrestrial genes in human DNA. These scientists work in the Human Genome Project, which emerged in 1989 in the United States, and over the years researchers from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan and China have joined them. They believe that more than 95% of the non-coding DNA sequences (known in English as „junk DNA„), found in humans’ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is actually the genetic code of forms of life from other worlds. Geneticists claim that decrypting these extraterrestrial genes will make it easier to explain all the mysteries the theory of evolution cannot. Extraterrestrial genes are found in the DNA of any form of life on Earth, but in humans, the „dose” is higher than in other species. Researchers believe that extraterrestrial DNA has been „inserted” multiple times inside our cells, at various moments in human evolution, which allowed us to develop faster than other creatures. These scientists even have their own vision of the Creator, believing that „an extraterrestrial life form made new creatures, including humans, which it planted on various planets, including Earth„.
Therefore, Enki and Ninhursag created humans through cellular fusion. From the flesh and blood (DNA) of a god, Ninhursag made „clay” (embryos). The fact that the great gods spit into that „clay” also represents a harvest of DNA. When the embryos were ready, they were implanted into 14 „goddesses of birth” (Homo erectus females). But developing humans was not a simple process and required many attempts. In the Sumerian text Enki and Ninmah, the two gods drank too much at a party and became drunk. Ninhursag, called here Ninmah („The Great Queen”), is in the mood for a competition and proposes to make a few beings. Enki agrees, but insists on deciding their fate. Ninhursag starts working and makes six human-like beings, each with a flaw. The first has a flaw in his arm, so Enki decides that he will be a court official. The second has a twitch, blinking constantly, so he becomes a singer. The third is crippled, but Enki finds him a „good fate„, although it is not clear from the text what it is. The fourth has uncontrollable ejaculations and Enki cures him through a ritual bath. The fifth creature is a barren woman who is given a place in a harem. The last one has no genitalia, and Enki appoints him as a court official. Then, the roles are reversed and Enki creates beings while Ninhursag decides their fate. Enki’s first creature is a fertile woman, and the second, named Umul, is a very sick man. Umul suffers from headaches and his eyes, neck, heart, lungs and intestines are affected. His arms and legs are powerless, so he cannot walk or feed himself. Because she cannot help him, Ninhursag loses the competition. „The man you created is neither alive nor dead; I cannot raise him!” she said with regret. Enki makes fun of her, reminding her that he managed to offer a good fate to the people she created. Furious, she curses Enki: „you shall not dwell on Earth„, thus locking him in the underground world of Abzu. However, Enki gives the goddess some advice: to hold Umul in her lap, to praise his penis (?!), to be more reserved in her actions and to elevate her house. Although this text seams to depict a competition between the two deities, it is possible that it actually explains the gods’ early unsuccessful attempts to create humans. The existence of some rejects before humans is confirmed by some ancient texts. For example, according to Alphabetum Siracidis (a text dating somewhere between the years 700s and 1000s AD), Adam’s first wife was not Eve, but Lilith, who was banished from the Garden of Eden due to her imperfection. Because she constantly argued with Adam and did not want to submit to him, she was expelled and became the wife of the archangel Samael. In Babylonian texts, Lilitu is the „sacred prostitute of the goddess Ishtar” and older Sumerian sources call her the „servant of the goddess Inanna„. Assyrians considered her a demon, as do Christians today.
In Popol Vuh (a Mayan manuscript dating from around 1550 AD), the gods Kukulkan and Tepeu made the first humans from mud. But they melted, so the gods destroyed them and created others, this time out of wood. The new people behaved like animals, so the gods transformed them into monkeys. Finally, they created people out of corn, who pleased the gods. For Tibetans also the first creatures, the ancestors of humans, were similar to monkeys.
For the Fang people in Africa, the gods Nzame, Mebere and Nkwa created a being similar to themselves, named Fan, to rule over the Earth. However, Fan became disrespectful and arrogant towards the gods, like Lilith of the Jews. Upset, the gods destroyed the world they had created, but Fan survived because he had been given eternal life. The three deities then created plants, animals and another man, this time mortal, named Sekume. Sekume was also created in the image and likeness of the gods, he and his wife being considered the ancestors of humans.
For the Incas, Viracocha created a world without light. The god ordered humans to respect his moral precepts, but they became wicked and arrogant. Angry, Viracocha destroyed the people with a flood, sparing only three of them to help him rebuild the world. One of the three, Taguapaca, became insolent, so the god commanded the other two to throw him into Lake Titicaca.
In Romanian mythology, the twin beings Friend and Unfriend tried to create a creature worthy of ruling the Earth. The result of their first attempts were the ogres, which were a failure: they had a monstrous appearance, were cynocephalic (had dog heads), barked instead of speaking, were cannibals and had the ability to see ten people with one eye. They lived in caves and dens, collected wild fruits, hunted and ate each other, and the few that survived in the second anthropogenic cycle also ate humans. The ogres were destroyed by giants, representatives of the second cycle, created by Friend and Unfriend to eradicate the first unsuccessful race. After being defeated, a few ogres survived until the human era: Mother of the Forest, Daughters of the Forest, He-Forest and Father of the Forest. In turn, the giants were defeated in the battle against Friend and Unfriend. They were followed by humans in the still ongoing third anthropogenic cycle. The gentles, who will dominate the fourth cycle, already exist on Earth, living in the shadow of humans and helping them. And when the human era comes to an end, the gentles will be considered the perfect beings, in whose control the planet should be.
As mentioned before, in Tibet, a very wise monkey and a she-devil had six sons covered in hair and with red faces like monkeys, who became humans and populated Tibet. Those „sons” of theirs, covered in hair and with red faces, who became humans, represent the first attempts to create humans before reaching a satisfactory result.
All these myths speak of the imperfection of the first beings created by the gods, until the appearance of Homo sapiens. We can conclude that the work of Enki and Ninhursag was not at all easy, requiring a lot of time and countless attempts. In the end, the two managed to create the much-desired being:
„The birth goddesses were assembled together.
Ninti stood by, counting the months.
The tenth month, its time was slowly approaching,
The tenth month has arrived.
The time of the opening of the womb had passed;
The goddess understood what had happened.
She covered her head and began to deliver.
She strapped her belly and pronounced the blessing.
She pulled out a form; in it was life.„
The above text suggests that the new creatures were not born after nine months, as would be normal, requiring cesarean section operations.
„The wise and learned ones,
Twice seven birth goddesses gathered.
Seven of them gave birth to males,
Seven of them gave birth to females.
The Birth Goddess then brought
The breath of Life.
They gathered in pairs,
In pairs they gathered before her.
The creatures were humans –
The creatures of the Mother Goddess.„
Seeing her creation, Ninhursag cried out: „I have created him! I have made him with my hands!„. Then she announced the Council of the Gods that she had successfully completed her mission. The rebels Igigi, finding out that they had escaped the hard labor, „all together ran to kiss her feet„. From that moment, the primitive human was the one who „would bear the yoke” of the gods.
What were the first humans like? A Sumerian text provides a description: „When mankind was first created, they did not know how to eat bread, nor how to cover their nakedness with clothing. They grazed on herbs like sheep, drank water from puddles like wild beasts„. We can find a similar description in the biblical Genesis, where the first humans were naked („And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed„) and herbivores („Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat„). We also find the same depiction in the Epic of Gilgamesh, in the description of the savage Enkidu:
„Covered in hair all over his body,
Long hair on his head like a woman’s (…)
He knows neither man nor land,
And is like those who hide in the herbs;
He grazes on the fat pasture with the gazelles,
He frolics with the beasts of the forest,
At the watering places.
His heart is gladdened by the creatures
That swarm in the water.„
This is how the first humans looked approximately 200,000 years ago, when researchers believe that Homo sapiens separated from Homo erectus. But there was still a long way to go before reaching the current form of Homo sapiens sapiens.
After learning who created humans, how and for what purpose, we have another question: where were they created? Mesopotamians believed that humans were made in Abzu or Apsu, the underground abode of Enki. A hymn dedicated to Enki begins with the words: „The divine Ea took a piece of clay from Apsu and fashioned Kulla from it, to rebuild the temples„. Another Sumerian text states: „The creatures with bright appearance (that is humans) emerging from the Abzu, all stand before the god Nudimmud (Enki)”. A text named by researchers The Song of the Hoe or The Creation of the Pickaxe tells how Enlil fashioned a weapon called Alani (a machine similar to a bulldozer), which he used to dug into the earth to reach the place „where the flesh had scattered„, where humans were located (in the Underworld): „the god called Alani, gave him his orders. Like a crown on his head, he placed the stone-crushing tool and drove it to the place where the flesh had scattered. In the pit was the head of man, from the earth the people rose up to Enlil, his gaze lingering on the black heads„. The origin myths of the Indian tribes in southwestern America (Navajo, Zuni, Hopi, Pueblo, Apache) have been ignored until now and are likely to be incomprehensible to most researchers. But they all claim that their ancestors came from underground. Even if these legends do not make sense to most researchers, they are still in accordance with Sumerian, Babylonian and Akkadian myths. Accepting the idea that humans were created in the Underworld, the words of Jesus in the Gospel of John make sense: „Ye are from beneath; I am from above” (8:23).
After Enlil took the newly created humans from his rival, The Song of the Hoe says that
„The Anunnaki stepped towards him,
Lifting their arms and thanking him,
Anointing Enlil’s heart with praise.
The black-headed ones they asked for,
To the black-headed ones they gave the pickaxe to carry it.„
Enki, however, was not bothered that he lost his new creatures. On the contrary, for his plan to succeed, humans needed to be on the surface of the Earth, near Enlil. In order to reclaim his throne, Enki needed an army, and the newly emerged humans could be the soldiers he desired. Although the experiment was successful, he carried on his experiments in secret, trying to turn the „beasts of burden” into soldiers. In his attempt to create the perfect soldier, Enki mixed humans with animals, but the attempts did not turned out as expected. These hybrids were seen as monsters or demons in many cultures, while others identified them with their gods. Even today there are people (such as Native Americans) who believe in the communion of humans and animals. Each Amerindian chooses an animal as their totem, and their souls merge. The bonding between humans and animals has its roots in the times when human-animal hybrids existed on Earth. One of the best examples of such creatures is the cynocephalic giants from Romanian mythology. Cynocephalics (humans with dog heads) have been mentioned since ancient times. John Tzetzes, a Byzantine poet and historical commentator, referred to them as residents of India, in present-day Pakistan. Marco Polo mentioned them as inhabitants of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean. Giovanni da Pian del Carpine claimed to have met them in Lake Baikal. In The History of the Northern Dynasties, the historian Li Yanshou also mentions a kingdom of dogs. However, the main source of information regarding the existence of chinocephalics remains geographer, pharmacist, and historian KteSias the Knidian, whose writings were taken very seriously by the Church Fathers in Byzantium, such as Patriarch Photios the Great. In his book Indica, KteSias mentions the existence of an Indian tribe of cynocephalics. Several legends of Persians, Ethiopians, Greeks, Armenians and Arabs refer to the meeting between Alexander the Great and cynocephalics. On 9th May, Orthodox Church celebrates Saint Christopher of Lycia, who had a dog head and is said to have come into the Roman world by passing through the Persian desert. But perhaps the most well-known cynocephalic is the Egyptian god Anubis, with a human body and a dog head. Initially the most important god of death, he was later replaced by Osiris. Another Egyptian deity with a dog head is Duamutef („He who adores his mother”), one of the four sons of Horus. There is also an alternate myth that describes Duamutef and his brothers as the sons of Osiris. One of the gods of the Chinese, Fu Xi, is often depicted with a dog head. Also in Serbian mythology there are the psoglavs, demons with human bodies, horse legs, dog heads, iron teeth and a single eye on their foreheads; it is believed that they lived a very long time ago in certain areas of Bosnia and Montenegro.
The mixing of animal and human DNA was not limited just to dogs. Humans have been crossed with horses, birds, reptiles, cats and even… insects. There are still many people today with animal-like physical traits, such as horse or dog faces, aquiline noses and so on, which are just a genetic reminiscence of those creatures. In a Sumerian tablet, three people can be seen bringing to Enki a prisoner with a very strange physical appearance. Although his upper part of the body is human, his lower part resembles that of an insect. His legs are also strange: the soles are different from those of others and the knees are bent backwards, not forwards, like humans. What could this mysterious prisoner be? Most likely, such a human-animal hybrid, one of Enki’s failed experiments.
The most well-known crossbreeds between humans and animals remain the Egyptian gods. Horus and Ra were depicted with falcon heads, Thoth had an ibis head, Hathor and Isis had cow heads, Sobek had a crocodile head, Amun and Khnum had ram heads, Sekhmet had a lioness head and Geb had a goose or snake head. The Greeks tried to explain the animal-like depiction of the Egyptian gods by inventing a story in which, during the war between the giants and the Olympian gods, the latter hid in Egypt, taking on the aspects of animals to avoid being discovered by the dreadful Typhon. Hybrids are also found in other parts of the world. For example, in Hinduism, Garuda has a human body, wings and a vulture beak, god Ganesha has an elephant head and a human body, and Narasimha, one of the incarnations of god Vishnu, has a human body and a lion head. In Japan, karura is a huge creature with a human body and a bird head. In Sumerian mythology, lamma and alad (lamassu and shedu in Akkadian) were creatures with lion or bull bodies, eagle wings and human heads. The Greeks called these creatures sphinxes, the Indians called them purushamriga and the Israelites called them cherubim, a term which currently defines a class of angels in Christianity. The seven abgal (apkallu in Akkadian) had lower bodies of fish, human or eagle heads and wings. In Mesopotamia, the guardian spirit urmahlullu was a half-human, half-lion creature. Additionally, aqrabuamelu was a mixture of man and scorpion. In Aztec mythology, god Huitzilopochtli was a mix of human and bird. In China, Lei Gong („Duke of Thunder”), also known as Lei Kung or Lei Shen („God of Thunder”), was depicted as a creature with claws, bat wings and a blue face with a bird beak. The gods Fu Xi and Nuwa had snake bodies and human heads. In Philippines folklore there is Tikbalangul (or Tigbalang, Tigbalan or Tikbalan), a creature with a human body and horse head and legs. The Greeks had the most such hybrids in their myths. Harpies were birds with women heads and sirens / mermaids were women with bird wings and claws. In other cultures, the mermaid had the lower body of a fish and the upper body of a woman. Centaurs had the lower body of a horse and the upper body of a man, the Minotaur had the body of a man and the head of a bull, Medusa and Lamia were combinations of women and snakes, and Cecrops, the first king of Athens, was half-man, half-serpent. The primordial god Chronos (not to be confused with titan Cronus), the personification of time, had a snake body and three heads: a human one, a bull one and a lion one. The giants and god Boreas had snakes instead of legs. Pan, Agreus and Nomios were men with horns and the lower body of a goat.
Besides the combinations of humans and beasts, Enki also created crossbreeds between different animal species. In Sumerian and Persian mythology, Anzu (or Zu or Idugud) was a vulture with a lion head. Seraphim were originally known in Asia as demons with winged serpent aspect; Jews and Christians later transformed them into a class of angels. The Aztec god Quetzalcoatl was a feathered serpent. In Babylon, Tiamat was a winged serpent. Another such creature was the griffin, which had the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. Pegasus of the Greeks was a winged horse while his brother, Chrysaor, was a winged boar. The unicorn was a horse with a horn on its forehead. The allocamelus was a mythological animal with a donkey head and a camel body. In Chile, the creature Colo-Colo takes the form of either a snake with legs, similar to a long rat with feathers, or the one of a big mouse with a rooster head. In Greek mythology, Cerberus, the guardian of the Underworld, was a three-headed dog. In Hinduism, Yali has a cat body, a lion head, an elephant trunk and a serpent tail.
In Antiquity, Manetho, Eusebius, Plutarch, Strabo, Plato, Tacitus, Diodorus Siculus and Herodotus wrote about fabulous creatures. Babylonian priest Berossus noted that god Belus made several „hideous beings, which were created from two different parts (…) humans appeared with two wings, some with four and two faces. They had one body but two heads, one male and the other female. Likewise, other parts of the body were male and female. Others had the legs and horns of a goat. Others had horse legs; others, the centaurs, were half-human, half-horse. Bulls with human heads and dogs with fish tails also existed. There were also horses with dog heads, and men and other animals with horse heads and fish tails. Shortly, they were combinations of all the creatures on Earth (…) All these oddities were preserved in the temple of Belus in Babylon„. In the 4th century AD, inspired by Berossus’ account, Bishop Eusebius wrote in his Chronicle about the temple of Belus: „And there were other animals there, some created by themselves and endowed with life-giving forms; and they would have fashioned men, some with two wings; and others with four wings and two faces and one body and two heads, male and female, and two natures, masculine and feminine; and others with goat thighs and horns on their heads; and others with horse legs; and others with a horse-like appearance in the upper part and a human appearance in the lower one, which had the forms of the centaurs; and they would have conceived bulls with human heads and dogs with four bodies, whose tails would have emerged, like those of fish, from the posterior parts; and horses with dog heads; and men and other monsters with horse heads, human bodies, and fish tails; and all kinds of dragon-shaped animals; and fishes, and reptiles, and serpents, and many other fabulous and strange creatures of various species and forms, whose images were preserved side by side in the temple of Belus„. A creature also appears in the biblical book The History of the destruction of Bel and the Dragon, where the Babylonians worshiped a big dragon that was not an inanimate idol, but a living beast, which prophet Daniel killed by feeding it boiled resin, tallow and hairballs. On the Gate of Ishtar from Babylon there are depicted reptiles similar to dragons, called „siruses„, which had a bifurcated tongue, a scales covered body, a long, soft and scaly tail, a long, thin and scaly neck, a snake head adorned with a horn, behind which were attached leather wings; German writer Willy Ley described siruses as „a zoological enigma of fantastic dimensions„.
On a Sumerian seal currently housed in the Louvre Museum and on a makeup palette in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, four legged creatures with long, undulating necks and snake heads can be seen held on leashes by humans. Also in the Louvre there are three 10-centimeters-tall figurines dating back to around 2200 BC, depicting bulls with human heads, as well as the 23-centimeters-tall Cup of Gudea from the same period, engraved with a mixed creature with bird claws on its feet, human hands, wings and a dragon body. On a 20-centimeters miniature stele, a „winged goddess” with a woman head and body, claws on her feet, and wings on her back can be seen, and in the Baghdad museum there is a statue of an „archaic goddess” with a woman body, delicate breasts and a monster head. In the city of Sipan, in a tomb of a Moche priest, Peruvian archaeologists found in 1988 a one meter long copper scepter, engraved with a woman mating with a creature that is half cat, half reptile. Statuettes depicting beings with reptilian heads and human bodies, dating back approximately six millennia, have been unearthed from the Sumerian city of Uruk. In Germany, a 30,000 years old statue was discovered, depicting a man with a lion head, similar to Egyptian goddess Sekhmet. At the British Museum there is a relief of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal I, on which a man holds on a rope an animal that walks on two legs like a monkey, its hands ending in fish-like wings. Also here is the Black Obelisk of King Shalmaneser II, the son of Ashurnasirpal I, on which there are depicted on the back of an elephant two small silhouettes, the size of children, with human heads but animal thighs and legs, led by two guards. On another fragment, two sphinxes with human heads, held on a chain, are depicted. The accompanying text on the obelisk speaks of „animal-men who are taken captive„.
Can such creatures be created? In 1954, at the Moscow University of Medicine, scientist Vladimir Demikhov surgically created a dog with two heads. Specifically, he grafted the upper part of one dog’s trunk onto the neck of another dog. To everyone’s surprise, the creature lived for several weeks. Thus, Dr. Demikhov proved that hybrids can be created through surgical procedures. In 1970, scientists at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, led by surgeon Robert J. White, performed an extremely controversial operation: the transfer of a monkey’s head onto another monkey’s body; the creature lived normally for almost three days. And so, one questions arises from these experiments: if humans can today create a two-headed, six-legged dog, could not technologically advanced beings have created in the past a three-headed dog like Cerberus of the Greeks? Or some other kind of animal hybrid? If we can now perform a head transplant, could not the ancient gods have done the same, making creatures like the Minotaur or the cynocephals? For our ancestors, monsters were the creations of the gods. And the only god concerned with such genetic experiments was Enki.
In 2003, a group of researchers at the Shanghai University of Medicine successfully fused human and rabbit cells. The embryos were the first officially recognized human-animal hybrids created through genetic engineering. A year later, researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota created pigs with human blood. One of the main ideas behind the experiment was the possibility of creating human hearts in pigs for heart transplants. In conclusion, we now have the technology that allows us to create hybrids similar to the mythicals monsters. Why assume that the gods who gave our ancestors a wealth of knowledge did not have this technology? And if they did, why assume that they did not use it?
There seem to be some evidence to attest to the existence of hybrids, especially in the place where most such cases have been depicted. On 5th September 1852, Frenchman August Mariette (who later founded the Egyptian Museum) discovered an underground corridor in Saqqara, in which two immense sarcophagi were found. Convinced that he would find the mummy of an Apis (a bull venerated as an incarnation of the god Ptah), Mariette was surprised to discover in the sarcophagi a bituminous mass containing small bones belonging to several animals. The British explorer Sir Robert Mond, who conducted excavations in the so-called „Bucheum” (a stone burial chamber located beneath the ruins of the Hermonthis temple), jumped to the same shocking conclusion. The sarcophagi either contained nothing, or only bitumen mixed with bone fragments. In one of the sarcophagi, Mond found a mixture of dog and jackal bones in place of a mummified bull. In the catacombs of Abusir, accompanied this time by two Frenchmen, Lortet and Gaillard, Mond discovered other sarcophagi that he was sure contained mummified bulls. And once again he was surprised. In the first sarcophagus, the three found a mixture of bones from different animals, some of which could not be identified, while the second, which was over 2.4 meters long and approximately 1.2 meters wide, contained a mixture of eight animals. Also in this case, it was impossible to identify the species to which two of the bones belonged. What creatures made up of multiple animals were enclosed in the ancient Egyptian sarcophagi? They could possibly be hybrids, similar to those found in all ancient cultures.
Even today there are such creatures, a sign that the genetic experiments of Enki’s group have not ended. On 13th July 2008, in Montauk, New York, four young people found the corpse of a strange creature on a riverbank, with a bird beak, raccoon claws and a dog body. The animal could not be identified because it resembled nothing known to humans, but rather a mixture of different animals. Some believe that the monster was created in a laboratory by the government of the United States, at a research center nearby. Others speculate that it is part of a long line of extraterrestrial genetic experiments. In 2010, in Lake Wylie, South Carolina, fisherman Frank Yarborough caught a strange fish weighing 2.3 kilograms, half a meter long, with human teeth. Biologist Robert Stroud, from the Department of Natural Resources, claimed that the strange fish belongs to the Pacu species, a distant relative of the piranha, native to the Amazon River in South America. This hypothesis is not widely supported, as it cannot explain the presence of human teeth in a fish.
Some of the most famous creatures are the tall, hairy humanoids known as Bigfoot in North America, Yeti in Tibet, Yeren in China, Tchoutchounaa in Yakutia or Orang Pendek on the island of Sumatra. Although researchers oscillate between considering them as the missing link between apes and humans or pure fiction, the truth is that no one has been able to unveil the mystery surrounding them. One less publicized fact is that these hairy humanoids are closely linked to UFOs. The May 1982 issue of The MUFON UFO Journal reports that in 1973, in the American state of Pennsylvania, a group of farmers saw a UFO landing. Two creatures approximately 2.10 meters tall, with arms hanging down to their knees and their whole body covered in long, black hair, were seen near it. The farmers ran to notify the authorities, but when they returned after 45 minutes, they found neither the UFO, nor the creatures, but only a phosphorescent circle with a 30 meters diameter in the grass.
Dan D. Farcas, in UFOs from the Other World (1999), claims that in 1973 were reported 103 encounters where UFOs and Bigfoot appeared simultaneously, with six of them being from the state of Pennsylvania. He also describes the case of an elderly woman who lived alone in an isolated area and shot a Bigfoot in the stomach. The Bigfoot disappeared in a flash of light the next moment, without making a sound.
Ellen Crystall, in Silent Invasion (1991), reports that in Pine Bush, New York, about 25 kilometers from Manhattan, in the context of a real „invasion” of UFOs, several creatures were reported that had no reason being there: Bigfoots, lemurs and a kind of „mothmen„. A local resident told her that he had to take refuge in a tree because of something invisible that was making noise and emitting a foul smell. Ellen Crystall also described cases where giant paw prints were found near UFOs. Her opinion is that all these creatures were brought by the occupants of the unidentified flying objects.
In Extraterrestrials Among Us (1986), George C. Andrews recounts an incident in which several witnesses claimed to have heard heavy footsteps, like those of a giant biped, during an UFO encounter. Another witness saw a transparent, „ectoplasmic” Bigfoot materializing before his eyes. In the following weeks, dozens of sightings of similar beings, apparently made of flesh and bones, were reported in the area.
A case analyzed by Dr. Leo Sprinkle and reproduced in Timothy Good’s book Alien Liaison (1991) is that of farmer Jim from Colorado. He faced several cases of cattle mutilation and found footprints of an approximately 45 centimeters long paw. One night, the farmer saw a giant creature that passed through the barbed wire fence, which it broke, leaving long strands of hair hanging from it. Further analysis of the footprints and hair strands proved that they did not belong to any known species. On another night Jim shot the creature, which had returned. The being flinched, emitted a groan and simultaneously a kind of „beep” was heard, after which it disappeared. In the following weeks, the farmer repeatedly spotted a disc-shaped UFO near his house. He even claimed to have met with its occupants, who assured him that Bigfoot obeyed their orders. Jim concluded that there was a permanent extraterrestrial base near his farm and that the authorities were aware of it, but preferred to keep it a secret.
Based on these things, we can consider that the tall, hairy humanoids are creatures of the exiled gods, a new stage of the genetic experiments initiated by Enki and carried on by his son, Marduk. The agility and strength of a Bigfoot, combined with its ability to become invisible, can make it a serious candidate for the role of „perfect soldier”. However, because the number of these creatures is infinitesimal and their appearances occur in isolated areas, we conclude that the experiment is far from being over. The exiles are still secretly studying it, meaning that they still have a lot of work to do.
Invisibility is not unique to Bigfoot. Over time, several creatures with this ability have been observed. According to the chroniclers of the time, in January 1565 there was an invisible giant feline in Vijayanagar, southern India. On 29th August 1922, Texan farmer Frank Dillon’s truck was destroyed by an invisible rhinoceros. On 17th June 1993, Tom and Jessica Neill encountered an invisible giant bird that attacked them in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. It is possible that these invisible beings are genetic experiments of Enki’s descendants. And these are not the only strange cases in history.
As Romanian writer Rodica Bretin recounted in The Files of the Impossible (2003), beginning on 8th February 1955, residents of Devonshire, England, found dozens of single-hoof tracks almost daily for three months. The tracks were spaced 20 centimeters apart and measured ten centimeters in length and seven centimeters in width. The tracks extended over a distance of 150 kilometers without avoiding any obstacles in their path. This strange case in Devonshire is not unique. A Japanese chronicle recalls that in 929, inexplicable single-hoof tracks appeared in the courtyards and gardens of the imperial palace in Kyoto. Benedictine monk D’Epernay described similar footprints in France in 943, during a severe storm. In 1065, identical tracks were found in the surroundings of the English town of Scarborough. Abbot Ralph de Coggeshall recorded two such events in his chronicle: one during the reign of King Richard the Lionheart (1189 – 1199) and the other in 1205. In 1840, British explorer James Ross found similar footprints on Kerguelen Island, where hooved animals do not live. The London Times reported on 14th March 1840 similar footprints near Glenorchy, Scotland. Also, in April 1855, Illustrated London News published a similar case in Galicia. Single-hoofed footprints have also been found in New Zealand (1886), New Jersey (1908), Belgium (1945), Devonshire (1950), Scotland (1952) and on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily (1970). What kind of creature with a single hoof could leave such tracks all over the world for more than a millennium? Probably another experiment by Enki.
Between 1859 and 1867, a human-reptilian hybrid lived in the Bodmin Marsh, colored gray or dark green, 2.5 meters tall, without a tail, covered in bony plates, with a spiny crest on its head and clusters of spines on its shoulders, shoulder blades and knees. For eight years it killed many animals and humans. At the gate of a wooden castle on the Atlantic coast, the monster of Bodmin Moor left a 21-centimeter-long bone spine, which is now at the Kensington Museum in London. The DNA from that bone does not belong to any known species on Earth, living or fossil. The monster suddenly disappeared in 1867, just as it had appeared.
In January 1909, hundreds of witnesses in New Jersey reported a three-meter-tall humanoid creature with leathery wings and a bat-like head. The creature, named „The Jersey Devil„, attacked birds, sheep and women. It disappeared in May of the same year, after kidnapping Mary Weathers, a 14-year-old girl. On 28th June 1936, 38 kilometers from Camden, some hikers encountered a woman covered in black fur (which was absent on her chest, belly and back), with two leathery membranes attached between her elbows and knees. Her hair was tangled and very long, her mouth unusually large and her eyes were dark, with only the pupils visible. The corpse of that creature was discovered in March 1938. Following an investigation, the police arrested three homeless men who admitted to raping and killing that strange being, who was probably the daughter of the Jersey Devil and Mary Weathers.
Both the Bodmin Moor Monster and the Jersey Devil showed a much higher intelligence than animals. The Bodmin Moor Monster seemed to kill for pleasure, which is unprecedented in any animal. The Jersey Devil had a child with Mary Weathers, indicating a genetic match between his species and humans. The Bodmin Moor Monster also attempted to abduct a young woman, likely for the purpose of mating. It is said that many Yetis or Bigfoots have mated with women, giving birth to hybrids, an idea that supports the same genetic compatibility. Therefore, we can assume with some certainty that these beings are genetic experiments of exiled gods, designed to create perfect soldiers.
If all of these creatures truly existed and they are the result of genetic experiments, as more and more authors claim (including Erich Von Daniken, Giorgio Tsoukalos, Jonathan Young, Philip Coppens or David Childress), who is creating them now? Enki is no longer among us and his son, Marduk, is not allowed to leave the Underworld. According to the testimony of thousands of witnesses there are, however, some beings who are engaged in such experiments today.
Between 12th and 17th June 1992, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the world’s most famous technical universities, the Conference on the Study of UFO Abductions took place. Professor David E. Pritcard (specialist in atomic and molecular physics, winner of prestigious international awards and physicist at MIT since 1968) and Professor John Edward Mack (a 20-year professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School in Cambridge and former director of the psychiatric department of this university hospital) were the presidents of the conference. Professor Thomas Bullard, Professor David Jacobs, Budd Hopkins, Jenny Randles, John S. Carpenter, as well as other prestigious investigators of the UFO phenomenon attended this conference. The participating researchers studied about 2,000 cases, examined rigorously. In the attached reports, most of the victims claimed to have been abducted by UFOs and then examined by some gray creatures, 1 – 1.3 meters tall, with thin limbs, telepathic abilities, huge skulls and huge, black and hypnotic eyes. Tall visitors with blond or white hair, dressed in shiny white robes, are also frequently reported. Very often, other bizarre elements are reported, such as medical examinations, apocalyptic messages and the order to forget everything.
In addition to the 2,000 cases examined in 1992 there are many thousands of other people who claim the same: they were abducted by UFOs, where they were examined by small, gray creatures. Many such victims says that extraterrestrials collect human genetic material. Using vacuum-like instruments shaped like long needles, they harvest eggs from women and sperm from men for use in artificial fertilization processes. The genetic information of the conception product is altered before being implanted in the uterus of an earthling woman. After three or four months, the embryo is extracted from the surrogate mother and moved to an artificial uterus, where it develops until „birth”. Betty Andreasson-Luca witnessed the extraction of two fetuses from an earthling surrogate mother in 1973. When she asked why such horrific experiments were being carried out, the grays replied: „because as time goes on, humanity will become sterile… The human race will become sterile due to pollution and bacteria that live on Earth„. She remembered this conversation under hypnosis on 8th December 1987. In March 1994, some gray beings told Dr. Courtney Brown that they were conducting genetic mutations on humans to develop a more harmonious link between body and soul, as well as to diminish human-specific tendencies. Other contacts were told that the purpose of genetic experiments is to create superhumans, exactly as Enki planned in ancient times. Due to the different information received by contacts or abductees, we can conclude that these beings do not want the true purpose of experiments on humans to be known.
In his Missing Time book (1981), sculptor Budd Hopkins wrote that behind alien abductions lies the signs of a discrete aggression by a non-earthly power. The authors of abductions, the gray beings, cut the flesh of paralyzed human victims with cold blood, install implants and are incapable of understanding emotional involvement. Hopkins concluded that this is a vast genetic experiment practiced on humanity for several millennia, carried out by entities from another world. A famous researcher, Linda Moulton Howe, stated: „some researchers are convinced that humanity is a property – that we belong to something that… tests us like laboratory animals, communicates with us and controls us… The collection of genetic material from Earth, both from humans and animals… dates back to the origins of man„. Myths reveal that Enki was the one who carried out such experiments. After his removal from power, his son, Marduk, continued his work. Is it possible that the gray beings work for Marduk?
On 5th November 1975, in Snowflake, near Heber, Arizona, forestry worker Travis Walton was taken aboard a ship and examined by two types of creatures: small, grey beings with large heads and big eyes, and tall, athletic-looking blonde individuals with a human appearance. Travis Walton was not the only one who encountered both of these so-called extraterrestrial races at once. There are thousands of such testimonies. The famous Betty Andreasson-Luca noticed that the tall beings, with white or blonde hair falling over their shoulders and white robes down to the ground, seam to have a certain authority over the small, grey ones when both types are seen together. In the book The Watchers II by Raymond Fowler, Betty Andreasson-Luca reports an encounter with malevolent grey beings who retreated in the presence of an angelic-looking being accompanied by other grey beings, identical with the first ones, but disciplined. The tall and blonde beings are the gods of old ages, who have been fighting on our planet for many millennia. If the greys work for them, we can try to find out which side of the barricade they are on: are they part of Enki’s group or Enlil’s? The answer cannot be too complicated. Since Enlil respects his father’s order not to intervene in human development, while Enki has always violated this order and even engaged in genetic experiments, logic suggests that the greys are led by Enki and his offspring. But still, what are these grey creatures?
Many of the victims of abductions have found that the grey abductors carry out their task mechanically, seeming unable to have distributive attention. They do not seem to have feelings, have not been seen eating, drinking, breathing or moving their lips and do not seem to have teeth, tongue or saliva. Inside their ships, no kitchens, toilets, bedrooms, beds or entertainment facilities have been seen. Dan D. Farcas, in Abducted by Aliens, concludes: „all these data have led to the hypothesis that the beings encountered by the abductees are just biorobots in the service of a ‘higher intelligence’ that remains hidden„. Other authors as well consider that the grey beings could be artificial creatures, a kind of biorobots made from human genetic material, similar to what humanity could become in hundreds of thousands of years. Therefore, there is a high likelihood that these creatures are not extraterrestrials who have come to Earth from somewhere in cosmic space, as most people believe, but rather beings created in Enki’s underground laboratory. Due to his and his offspring’s prohibition from leaving the interior of the Earth, someone was needed to harvest genetic material for the creation of an army of super soldiers. Sources from the United States military have revealed that thousands of such grey creatures are conducting sinister experiments on humans and animals in secret underground bases, built by the American Army itself. According to Report No. 13 of the Grudge / Blue Book projects, a treaty was concluded in 1964 between the greys and the president of the United States at the Holloman military base, which stipulated that extraterrestrials (more precisely, intraterrestrials) would deliver technologies in exchange for permission to abduct humans for experiments. It was also stipulated that the American government must minimize information regarding the presence of the greys on Earth. Similar revelations have also emerged from within the Russian government; it looks that the Russian authorities have been corrupted by small technological „gifts” from the greys, in order to turn a blind eye to the illegalities they commit on our planet. In addition to the horrible experiments on humans, these illegalities also include the infamous mutilations of livestock (over 10,000 cases were reported in the mid-1980s only in the United States).
The creation of humans and of these hybrids or failed experiments hides an ignored aspect of the UFO phenomenon, but often exploited erroneously by philosophy and religions: the spiritual aspect. Because humans, like animals and plants, represent captive spirits in matter, parts of Enlil, victims of Sophia’s revenge against her rival, who imprisoned her. For Plato, the embodiment of the soul is a punishment for sins committed. The doctrine of Pre-Existence, initiated by Origen Adamantius (185 – 254) under the influence of Plato, claims that human souls were all created at once and placed in bodies as punishment, confirming this hypothesis. In order to prevent spirits returning, after the death of their physical bodies, to the world they emanated from, Sophia established that karmic law about which Orientals speak, which involves an infinite cycle of reincarnations. To understand how karma works, one must understand the spirit. Being parts of Enlil, an aeon made of positive energy, spirits are also made of identical energy. Their attraction to the material world converts a portion of that energy into a negative one, existing both in Sophia and in the entities into which she has been divided. It seems that, in spirits arriving for the first time in the material world, the two forms of energy exist in equal quantities. For example, Kabballah believes that each being has two equal and opposite parts: the right one, called Michael, and the left one, Samael. The two halves, named after two archangels who represent light and darkness, symbolize the positive and negative energy from which the spirit is made of. Many cultures have spoken about the good and evil present in each of us, from the oldest times to the present day. For example, we can recognize them in the Yin and Yang of Orientals. For Jews, both parts are equal, which cannot be true today, when it is noticed that most of us have one side more pronounced than the other. Thus, we can consider that the spirits were in perfect balance when they were brought into our world, but over the course of multiple earthly existences, the percentages have changed according to the actions of each individual. Thus, good deeds and suffering burn negative karma according to the opinion of Orientals, or wash away sins according to popular belief, which means that the quantity of negative energy of a spirit decreases and the positive energy increases. Also, in the case of bad deeds or „sins”, things change in the opposite direction.
In Hinduism, the cycle of reincarnations was infinite and Buddha’s religion brought a method of escape from the earthly „prison”. According to Buddhist doctrine, the cycle of reincarnations can be interrupted through spiritual evolution or enlightenment, a term equivalent to reaching Nirvana or merging with Divinity. What does this evolution mean? That the spirit can increase its quantity of positive energy from which it is made, decreasing the negative energy in the meantime until it will no longer be formed from the two forms of energy, but only from one. A spirit that removes all its negative energy and end up to be made only of positive energy is released from the cycle of reincarnations, becoming what people often call an „angel”, one of Enlil’s followers. On the other side, a spirit that increases its negative energy from which it is made until it completely removes the positive one becomes an entity usually called a „demon”, which follows Enki’s orders. Also in this case the spirit is released from the cycle of reincarnations. However, if completely positive spirits return to the world of the aeons to join their father from whom they emanated, completely negative ones lose this chance forever. Religions speak of a world of demons, an immaterial dimension in which these entities are imprisoned, most likely the one called Tartarus by the Greeks, which can be reached through the portal in the Underworld.
When Sophia created the cycle of reincarnations, she left spirits the possibility of freeing themselves from the material „prison”. As Eastern religions claim, suffering is a method of burning negative karma. Many religious and philosophical systems speak of liberation from the cycle of earthly reincarnations through suffering. For example, in a manuscript discovered at the Dead Sea, written by the Essene sect, Brother Yeshu’a said: „Blessed are those who pass through many trials, for their sufferings perfect them. They become like the angels of the Lord in heaven and will never die, nor will they ever have to be born again, for birth and death will no longer have power over them„. Sophia chose this solution so that the spirits, parts of Enlil, could experience the suffering she felt during her imprisonment, a suffering that is easily seen in Gnostic texts. In this way, she probably felt avenged. The second method for achieving the necessary spiritual evolution to be released from the material world is the one suggested by the great sages of the world. Sophia believed that her „sin” was due to love. She did not want to attack her heavenly father or swallow her partner, Theletos, but only to birth a child. She joined the two aeons out of love, both for themselves and for the unborn child she ardently desired. At least that’s what she claimed. Therefore, in order for the spirits to be freed from the prison of matter, it is necessary to learn to love unconditionally, as from love a multitude of positive feelings are born, such as compassion, tolerance, understanding and the desire to help, among others. Suffering is not enough for a complete transformation of a spirit into one that is 100% positive energy; love is the mandatory component that cannot be ignored. If she was punished because of love, then the spirits torn from Enlil are forced to learn to love. For this reason we do not remember anything from our previous lives or the spiritual worlds we reached between our earthly existences; we do not know who we truly are or what our purpose is here on Earth. An entity that would have these answers would do everything necessary to be freed; it would force itself to love and would only engage in positive actions and thoughts. However, it would do so for completely selfish reasons, not for others, but to free itself. And this „love” is not the lesson that Sophia wanted to teach us. If positive feelings arise without us knowing that they represent the key to liberation from the material world, and good deeds are done without any trace of selfishness, the amount of positive energy in a spirit increases, replacing the negative one. On the other hand, negative feelings and actions lead to spiritual involution. If each individual is to return to the dimension from which they were generated, they must respect life in all its forms and help their fellow human beings, any prejudices against others will distance the spirit from its goal, increasing the amount of negative energy from which it is made. This hypothesis is suggested even by the New Testament, where Jesus promises „the kingdom of heaven” to the poor, oppressed or sick (in other words, to those who suffer, thus burning their negative karma or „sins”), teaching them to love not only their neighbors, but even their enemies („Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you, that ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven.” – The Gospel of Matthew 5:44-45), while forbidding them to harm any being („But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also.” – The Gospel of Matthew 5:39-40). This passivity that the author of the gospel encourages through Jesus, along with unconditional love for all people, has been understood by only a very small number of people in the approximately two millennia since the New Testament was written. Even though his advice is extremely clear, indicating the path to liberation from the material world, the editors of the New Testament included an important element in achieving this liberation, symbolized by the crucifixion of Jesus: self-sacrifice. Only after long suffering, sacrifice and love for his enemies, did Jesus manage to ascend to heaven, at the right side of God. Christianity claims that by his crucifixion, the sins of humanity were forgiven, a statement that is at least bizarre in the absence of clarifying details. In reality, the story of the crucifixion explains to us the way in which we remove our „sins” in order to free ourselves from the cycle of reincarnations and return „Home”: love, suffering and self-sacrifice.
In India it was believed that the cycle of reincarnations was infinite until the rise of Buddhism. Buddha found a way to stop the cycle by attaining spiritual enlightenment. In the New Testament, Jesus is the one who reveals to people the key to leaving the earthly prison. Both characters represent Enlil, which is why we understand that the king of the Earth did not abandon the spirits torn from him, but tried to help them by offering them the solution to salvation. This was not appreciated by Sophia, as she had no interest in seeing her prisoners freed. A multitude of spirits trapped in the material world represented a weakened and vulnerable Enlil. Moreover, a long stay of the spirits in Sophia’s prison also represented a long-standing revenge for her. The creation of humans had another role besides that of workers in place of the gods, as the official version of the myths suggests, as soldiers in Enki’s army or as potential hosts for the gods who needed bodies compatible with them to reincarnate; unlike animals and plants, humans were given the faculty of reason. However, the capacity for reason is not necessarily a gift, as we like to believe. Hate, envy, malice, greed, pride and all other negative feelings are specific to humanity, as animals are not capable of such emotions. Since reasoning is what differentiates us the most from animals, it means that reason is responsible for these negative emotions, a conclusion reached by modern-day psychologists. Humans are the only beings on Earth who kill for pleasure, intentionally destroy, feel the need to do harm and start wars. Reasoning given to us by Enki is to blame for the birth and amplification of these negative feelings, which push us to commit negative deeds. And as we have seen, these emotions and actions lead to spiritual regression or an increase of negative energy at the expense of positive energy within a spirit, resulting in a distancing from the long-awaited return „Home”. Christianity claims that Satan continuously tempts mankind to move away from God, an explanation of Sophia’s actions adapted to this religion. Although mankind has always praised the reason with which it was endowed, as well as the one who offered it, Enki’s gift proves to be essentially a curse. In the New Testament, Jesus implies that reasoning take us away from liberation through quotes such as „Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 5:3) or „Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God. Verily I say unto you, whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein” (Mark 10:14-15). The poor in spirit are the small minded, while children are considered pure of soul due to the lack of a fully developed reason, unlike adults. Before the creation of humans, rational earthly beings, the spirits incarnated in plants and animals had more chances of liberation, having only suffering as a method of spiritual evolution. The myths of the world call that period „the Golden Age„, an era dominated by peace and justice. Greeks, Romans and other peoples believed that everything changed for the worse after Zeus / Enlil’s ascension to the throne of Earth, a period in which humans, the rational animals, arose.
When is incarnated into a physical body, the spirit receives another component, which is often mistaken for. Greek philosopher Plato was the first person in the West to realize that the soul is an essential part of human – the true self – and that it is immortal by its nature. For Plato, the body represents nothing more than an imperfect imitation of the true person, being subject to change and destruction, just like all other material things. Instead, the soul is part of the divine realm, being incorruptible and eternal. Approximately 22 centuries later, in the 16th century, Swiss alchemist Paracelsus claimed that man is made up of three elements: spirit, soul and matter. For him, the spirit comes from the first emanation of God, is endowed with divine wisdom and power, and if man becomes aware that he possesses such gifts and learns how to use them, „then the one who possesses them will be a suprahuman and will be called a Divine Being or a Son of the Almighty„. For the ancient Egyptians, man was made up of „khat” (body), „ka” (life essence), „ba” (personality), „ib” (heart), „sheut” (shadow), and „ren” (name). „Ba” was the spirit and „ka” could be matched with the soul. After death, the two rejoined to form a new entity, called „akh„. Various occult, esoteric and mystical systems also speak of an etheric body which, according to Bhagavad Gita (one of the sacred texts of Hinduism), is made up of mind, intelligence and ego. In Sufism, this etheric body is called „wujud al-aqdas” („the most sacred body”) and „jism asli haqiqi” („the true and authentic body”), „the diamond body” in Taoism, „the luminous body” or „rainbow body” in Tibetan Buddhism, „the body of happiness” in Kriya Yoga, and „soma athanaton” („the immortal body”) in Hermetism. All these classifications of the component parts of the human being can be summarized according to the model of Paracelsus: not only the spirit, but also the soul is enclosed in the body. Often the two terms are mistaken. To avoid confusion, the spirit has become associated with the mental, with the intellect, and the soul with emotions and feelings. It seems that, in reality, the two parts are clearly differentiated. In essence, man is the spirit trapped in the material body. The soul represents only the link between the spirit and the Heavenly Father from whom all beings in the Universe emanated. The gnostic aeons were all connected; therefore, the spirits detached from Enlil are also connected. The soul, described as a silver cord in clairvoyant sessions involving journeys to a spiritual world called the Astral, is a quantity of positive energy. Without it, a spirit enclosed in the material world loses any chance of returning „Home” and reuniting with the aeon from which it emanated. When a spirit devolves to the point where it is made up only of negative energy, the connection (soul) between it and the world of aeons is broken. In addition to this method, there are others by which the connection can be interrupted: the so-called pacts with demons, whereby an individual willingly surrenders their soul, or human sacrifices, in which the souls of the sacrificed are offered to the same malevolent deities. A spirit left without a soul can continue its existence on Earth, remaining trapped in the cycle of reincarnations, but unable to spiritually evolve. Without the ability to draw positive energy from the supreme aeon through the soul, the individual becomes over time a completely negative form of energy.
It is said that spirits are not only connected to the source from which they emanate, but also to a kind of universal database, called Akasha by the Orientals, which contains all the information in the world. The block instituted by Sophia to stop the memories of previous earthly or immaterial world existences also affects this database, with conscious thinking being the one that creates the block through the limitations it imposes. It is also conscious thinking that blocks the so-called paranormal abilities that we all possess, which are most evident in the animals we consider to be irrational. Although in many cases intensively studied by scientists the subconscious has managed to bring out some of these abilities, Sophia’s block works for the majority of people.
Looking around we can easily see that the influence of the fallen aeon has been stronger than that of Enlil, with most people being in a continuous involution. And terrestrial life, which is more difficult than easy and filled with more negative elements than positive ones, seems to be truly a prison. In order to become the perfect soldiers that Enki desired, but also to remain as long as possible in the earthly „prison”, away from Enlil, humans had to be educated. Or, more precisely, manipulated. And for this they needed to receive some of the secrets of the gods.
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