When Emperor Anu allowed the Divine Twins to create humans to work in place of the gods, he commanded all the deities, Celestials and Watchers, not to intervene in the development of the new creatures. However, the Watchers did not heed this order. Without the supervision of Enlil, who had left the Earth dissatisfied with the division of the planet, Enki was able to freely create his army of demigods. Until one day, when Emperor Anu learned of what was happening on Earth.
Chapter 9 of the Book of Enoch tells that „Michael, Uriel, Raphael and Gabriel looked down from heaven and saw much blood being shed upon the earth, and all lawlessness being wrought upăn the earth. And they said one to another, ‘The earth made without inhabitant cries the voice of their cryingst up to the gates of heaven. And now to you, the holy ones of heaven, the souls of men make their suit, saying: Bring our cause before the Most High’„. The four archangels went to the „Lord of the Ages” and informed him of the Watchers’ deeds, asking what should be done about it. In chapter 12, the angels asked Enoch (Hanok in Hebrew), „a righteous man, whose eyes were opened by God„, to inform the Watchers that they would be punished for their deeds. Enoch did as he was commanded, „and they were all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them„. The Watchers asked Enoch to write a petition on their behalf, asking for forgiveness, which he would read to the supreme god. Enoch „sat down at the waters of Dan, in the land of Dan, to the south of the west of Hermon„, where he read the petition until he fell asleep. In a dream, he saw the punishment that awaited the rebellious angels and heard a voice commanding him to tell the Watchers everything he had seen. After waking up, Enoch returned to the angels of Azazel „they were all sitting gathered together, weeping in Abelsjail, which is between Lebanon and Seneser, with their faces covered„. He announced that their petition had been rejected, that they would remain on Earth forever and that their demigod children would be killed. Then he told them the vision he had: „Behold, in the vision clouds invited me and a mist summoned me, and the course of the stars and the lightnings sped and hastened me, and the winds in the vision caused me to fly and lifted me upward, and bore me into heaven„. Although he believed he had a vision, the description seems like an UFO abduction. Enoch was taken to a „large house which was built of crystals„, which had a ceiling like „like the path of the stars and the lightnings, and between them were fiery cherubim” and walls surrounded by „a flaming fire„. That „house” led him to a second one, „greater than the former„, which had a portal, floor and ceiling like fire, and „above it were lightnings and the path of the stars„. Inside this one he met Elah, the supreme god, who sat on a magnificent throne that looked like a „crystal, and the wheels thereof as the shining sun„. The god told him to tell the Watchers that they would be punished, the end of the message being „you have no peace„. Then Enoch was taken to various places in heaven and on Earth, which no earthling had seen until then.
Is that how things really were? If the archangels noticed the Watchers’ deeds and then informed the heavenly emperor, why did they do it so late? All the Watchers’ deeds took place over a long period of time. They abducted „the daughters of men„, left them pregnant, the demigods grew up and performed those deeds of bravery for which they became „mighty men which were of old, men of renown„, as the Bible calls them. Moreover, the Watchers brought various knowledge to humans, which could not be assimilated in a very short time. Astrology, astronomy, mining, writing, natural medicine, metalworking and all the other teachings of the Watchers could not be learned overnight, especially by primitive people who „did not know how to eat bread, nor to cover their nakedness with clothing. They grazed on the herbs like sheep, drank water from the marshes like wild beasts„. Therefore, all these things happened over a fairly long period of time, during which the Celestials did not see anything. Should we believe that they looked towards other places of the cosmos for few centuries, and then by chance turned their gaze towards Earth? Additionally, how could they see from the immaterial world of the aeons what was happening on Earth? We do not know if Anu had surveillance systems on our planet, as that was actually the role of the Watchers. The only plausible option is that Anu’s archangels found out about Enki’s actions after being informed by someone. But who could have done this? The only gods who knew what was happening on Earth were Enki’s Watchers and they would not have betrayed their leader. In this case, perhaps the informant was not a Watcher, but the only human who had the opportunity to reach the heavens and speak with Anu. To find out what really happened, we need to find out who Enoch was.
According to the Old Testament, ten patriarchs lived on Earth from Adam to the Deluge. After Abel was killed and Cain was banished, Adam had Seth when he was 130 years old according to King James Bible and the Catholic Bible, 230 according to the Septuagint, Flavius Josephus and the Orthodox Bible. Seth had Enos when he was 105 years old or 205 years old according to the others versions. Enos had Cainan, who had Mahalaleel, who had Jared, who had Enoch. Enoch’s eldest son was Methuselah, the father of Lamech. The last on this list is Noah, the survivor of the Deluge and the son of Lamech. The Book of Jubilees also records the names of the patriarchs’ wives: Seth had Azura, Enos had Noam, Cainan had Mualaleth, Mahalaleel had Dinah, Jared had Baraka, Enoch had Edna, Methuselah had other Edna, Lamech had Betenos and Noah had Emzara.
The Bible also listed the lineage of Cain, who lived in „the land of Nod, on the east of Eden„, far from Seth’s clan. Cain’s wife bore Enoch, the father building a city which he „called the name of the city after the name of his son„. Unto Enoch „was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech„. The latter had two wives, who bore him three sons: Jabal, Jubal and Tubalcain. Ten patriarchs in total, just like in Seth’s family. Although the two clans lived far apart from each other without any contact, it seems that they named most of their children similarly: Enoch / Enoch, Cainan / Cain, Mahalaleel / Mehujael, Methuselah / Methusael, Jared / Irad, Lamech / Lamech. This similarity can be explained by either a lack of imagination in both clans, an improbable coincidence, or an invention of the Bible‘s editors. As shown in the table below, Cain’s lineage is identical to Seth’s, with a few minor changes in names (Cain instead of Cainan and Methusael instead of Methuselah) and places switched between Enoch and Mahalaleel:
| Seth’s lineage | Cain’s lineage |
| Adam | |
| Seth | |
| Enos | |
| Cainan | Cain |
| Mahalaleal | Enoch |
| Jared | Irad |
| Enoch | Mehujael |
| Methuselah | Methusael |
| Lamech | Lamech |
| Noah | Yabal, Yubal, Tubalcain |
The Bible does not provide details about Enoch from Seth’s clan, the seventh patriarch, only stating that „Enoch walked with Yahweh after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons and daughters: And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years: And Enoch walked with Yahweh: and he was not; for Yahweh took him” (Genesis 5:22-24). However, the Book of Enoch presents his life in detail. In addition to the Watchers episode described above, Enoch was taken to heaven several times to be made aware of „all the secrets of heaven„. Archangel Uriel taught him astronomy, gave him the calendar, showed him the creation of the world and the future, especially the final battle between the two groups of angels. He was told to write down all that information and leave it to his son, Methuselah. When he turned 365 years old, he was taken to heaven and transformed into the angel Metatron, according to the Third Book of Enoch. The Book of Raziel the Angel from the 13th century claims that Enoch inherited from his father a book containing the spiritual laws of nature and life, including the science of stars, planets and the spiritual laws of creation, as well as the science of the power of words, thoughts and souls, the harmony between physical and spiritual existence. That book was offered to Adam by the angel Raziel („God of secrets”) and passed down from generation to generation until it reached Enoch. After he was raised to heaven, becoming the angel Metatron, the archangel Raphael took the book and gave it to Noah, who used its teachings to build his ark.
If the Bible lists ten antediluvian patriarchs, in the Sumerian King List there are ten kings who ruled before the Deluge. According to the tablet W-B/144, Alulim and Alalgar reigned in Eridu for 18 sars (64,800 years). Then the throne was moved to Bad-tibira, where Enmenluanna, Enmengalanna and the shepherd Dumuzi were kings. Ensipadzidanna from Larsa, Enmenduranna from Sippar and Ubara-Tutu from Shuruppak ruled after them. To these eight kings, tablet W-B/62 adds two more, the last of whom is Ziusudra, the survivor of the Deluge. The total length of their reigns varies from tablet to tablet. In W-B/144, eight kings ruled for 241,200 years, in UCBC 9-1×19 the period during which the first eight kings reigned is undecipherable, and in W-B/62, ten kings ruled for 456,000 years. Referring to the writings of the Babylonian priest Berossus, Greek scholar Alexander Polyhistor stated in the first century BC: „In the second book it is said about the ten kings of Chaldea, and the periods of each reign, which added up to one hundred and twenty sars, or four hundred and thirty-two thousand years, reaching until the time of the Deluge„. Historian Abydenus, a disciple of the philosopher Aristotle, also cited Berossus, mentioning the ten antediluvian kings who ruled for a total of 120 sars (one sar is equal to 3600 years). Historian Apollodorus of Athens also mentioned in the 2nd century BC the ten kings who ruled for 120 sars. The last of them, named Ziusudra or Utnapishtim by the Sumerians, Atra-Hasis by the Akkadians or Sisithrus by the Greeks, survived the Deluge, just like Noah, the tenth biblical patriarch. Also, if in Hebrew mythology the seventh patriarch, Enoch, was the first man to ascend to heaven, the same was said about the seventh Sumerian king, Enmenduranna, who was taken to heaven several times by the gods Shamash and Adad, to learn the secrets of heaven and Earth. The Sumerians considered Enmenduranna the ancestor of all priests of the sun-god, who was taught the art of divination. The similar story to that of Enoch and the seventh position identifies the king with the biblical patriarch. In addition, Enmenduranna was the ruler of the city of Sippar, the main cult center of the sun-god Utu / Shamash in Sumer, and it’s first priest, while Enoch lived on Earth for 365 years, exactly the number of days in a solar year. In chapter 82 of the Book of Enoch we can even notice the author’s desire to adopt the solar year in favor of the lunar year: „Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are all those who walk in the way of righteousness and do not sin like the sinners. In the numbering of all their days in which the Sun journeys in heaven, coming in and out, through the gates of heaven, for thirty days. With the leaders of the thousands, of this order of stars, and with the four which are added, and divided between the four seasons of the year, which lead them and appear with them on four days. Because of them men go wrong, and they do not reckon them in the reckoning of the whole year; for men go wrong in respect of them and do not know them exactly” (82:4-5). Below, we can see a table of the Sumerian kings, their cities and the years of their reign from three clay tablets, alongside the list of the Babylonian priest Berossus. It can be observed that the priest did not respect the order of the Sumerians, putting the shepherd Daos or Daonos in the sixth place, although he was the fifth for the Sumerians, moving Megaloros to the fifth place instead of the eighth and Amempsinos to the eighth place instead of the sixth.
| Sumerian tablets | Berossus | |||||||
| W-B /144 | W-B /62 | UCBC9-1×19 | ||||||
| 1 | Alulim | Eridu | 28.800 | 67.200 | 36.000 | Aloros | Babylon | 36.000 |
| 2 | Alalgar | Eridu | 36.000 | 72.000 | 10.800 | Alaparos | Babylon | 10.800 |
| 3 | Enmeluanna | Bad-tibira | 43.200 | 72.000 | 36.000 | Amelon | Bad-tibira | 46.800 |
| 4 | Enmengalanna | Bad-tibira | 28.800 | 21.600 | Ammenon | Bad-tibira | 43.200 | |
| 5 | Dumuzi | Bad-tibira | 36.000 | 26.800 | 36.000 | Megalaros | Bad-tibira | 64.800 |
| 6 | Ensipadzidanna | Larsa | 28.800 | 36.000 | 13.200 | Daonos | Bad-tibira | 36.000 |
| 7 | Enmenduranna | Sippar | 21.000 | 72.000 | 6.000 | Euderachos | Bad-tibira | 64.800 |
| 8 | Ubara-Tutu | Shuruppak | 18.600 | 21.600 | ? | Amempsinos | Larsa | 36.000 |
| 9 | Sukurlam | Shuruppak | 28.800 | Opartes | Larsa | 28.800 | ||
| 10 | Ziusudra | Shuruppak | 36.000 | 16.000 | Xisouthros | Shuruppak | 64.800 | |
Enmenduranna translates as „The Crowned Lord who Connects with Heaven”, a name that emphasizes his roles as both king and oracular high priest. He was the one who communicated with the gods and transmitted divine teachings to humans. Enokh, the Greek variant of Enoch, is a Sumerian name meaning „One who Speaks with the Lord”, a name that suits him well due to his communication with the ruler of heaven and can symbolize the same function of an oracular priest. Considering all these similarities between Enoch and Enmenduranna, we can conclude that they represent the same person. Thus, thanks to Sumerian legends, we have learned that Enoch was not an ordinary man, but a king and high priest. The god he worshiped was Utu / Marduk, the son of Enki. The Book of Enoch provides additional evidence that Enoch was a follower of the Watchers. In chapter 83, he tells his son: „Two visions I saw, before I took a wife, and neither one was like the other. For the first time, when I learnt the art of writing, and for the second time, before I took your mother„. In chapter 13, the Watchers asked him to write a petition, and in chapter 81, the seven archangels commanded him to record all the secrets that were shared with him and then offer them to his son, Methuselah. We are not told who taught him to write, but the legends of the world suggest that Enki’s Watchers were the ones who taught it to humans. Even the Book of Enoch directly acknowledges this in chapter 69: Penemue, one of the Watchers, „taught men the art of writing with ink and paper, and through this many have gone astray, from eternity to eternity, and to this day„. Therefore, Enoch, the high priest of Marduk, was a follower of the Watchers. The Book of Enoch admits this: „And then Enoch disappeared and none of the sons of men knew where he was hidden, where he was, or what had happened. And all his doings were with the Holy Ones, and with the Watchers, in his days” (12:1-2). However, the world myths suggest that, before the Deluge, the gods shared „the secrets of heaven” only with the demigods, who transmitted some of these teachings to humans. Also, at that time, only the gods and their sons were kings. Could Enoch have been a demigod?
In Mesopotamian religions there were seven demigods called Abgal in Sumerian and Apkallu in Akkadian, created by Enki to bring civilization to mankind. These priests of Enki were depicted with the lower part of a fish and the upper part of a human, or as humans wearing fish-shaped costumes. It is said that they mated with humans and committed countless sins, angering the gods, which equated them with the Nephilim from Hebrew folklore or with the demigods from other cultures. The first one was Uanna, about whom it was said that he was „the one who completed the plans for heaven and Earth„. The second was Uannedugga, „endowed with comprehensive intelligence„. The third was Enmedugga, „the one to whom a good fate was assigned„. Next was Enmegalamma, „who was born in a house„. The fifth, Enmebulugga, was „the one who grew up on a pasture„. The second to last was An-Enlilda, „the sorcerer of the city of Eridu„. And the last, the seventh, was Utuabzu, „the one who ascended to heaven„.
There are some similarities between these Abgal / Apkallu, the biblical patriarchs and the antediluvian Sumerian kings. According to the Babylonian priest Berossus, the god Oannes appeared from the waters of the Persian Gulf and taught people the art of writing, various sciences and crafts, how to build houses or temples using geometry, how to cultivate the land and harvest crops. This Oannes (the Akkadian form of Sumerian Uanna) had a fish body with two heads (a human head under the fish one), human legs and a tail, his description being identical to that of Enki in the Assyrian-Babylonian reliefs. Alulim, the first on the Sumerian King List, has a name almost identical to that of Alalu, the first god exiled to Earth in Hittite legends. And Adam, the first biblical patriarch, is Enki, as we have already seen. The second Abgal, Uannedugga, was „endowed with comprehensive intelligence„. The second biblical patriarch, Seth, was the son of Adam, born „in his own likeness, after hisimage” (Genesis 5:3). Since Adam was Enki, the god of intelligence and wisdom, a son identical to him could only be equally intelligent, thus confirming the description of the second Abgal. In addition, Kabbalists believe that Adam shared with Seth the secret teachings of Kabbalah received from the angel Raziel, and Muslims believe that Seth was given wisdom to continue preaching Allah’s laws after Adam’s death, explaining his „comprehensive intelligence„. About the third Abgal, Enmedugga, it was said that he was „assigned a good fate” and the third Sumerian king, Enmenluanna, was the longest-lived of all, reigning for 12 shars or 43,200 years (or 72,000 years in another Sumerian tablet). The fourth Abgal, Enmegalamma, has a name almost identical to that of Enmengalanna, the fourth Sumerian king. The fifth king, Dumuzi, was called „the shepherd„, while the fifth Abgal, Enmebulugga, was said to have „grown up on a pasture„. The sixth Abgal, An-Enlilda, was called „the sorcerer of the city of Eridu” and the name of the sixth biblical patriarch, Jared, could mean „The One from Eridu”. The seventh Abgal, Utuabzu, is „the one who ascended to heaven„, just like the seventh biblical patriarch, Enoch, and the seventh Sumerian king, Enmenduranna. Utuabzu („The Sun of Abzu”) contains the name of the sun-god Utu, Enmenduranna was the king of Utu’s main cult center and his high priest, and we have already seen Enoch’s connections to the Sun. Given all these similarities, we can assume that Enoch, Enmenduranna and Utuabzu are the same person. The legends about Abgal / Apkallu confirm that Enoch was a demigod and his role was to civilize mankind. Additionally, from here we learn that his father was Enki, which is also suggested by the Bible, where Enoch’s father is named Jared (Yared in Hebrew). Who could be „The One from Eridu” if not the god of that city, Enki?
The seven Abgal / Apkallu are identical to the seven wise men or Saptarshi of Hinduism, the patriarchs of the Vedic religion. Although their names differ in Hindu scriptures, the oldest list that mentions them is found in Jaiminiya Brahmana, the third of the four Vedas. Here, the Saptarshi are named Vashistha, Bhardwaja, Jamadagni, Gautama, Atri, Vishvamitra and Agastya. The seventh in this list is the seventh of the previous lists, with Agastya being Enoch, Enmenduranna and Utuabzu. To somewhat solve the problem of his paternity, given that he was Enki’s son but served Marduk, the Indians claimed that Agastya was created by the gods Mitra (Marduk) and Varuna (Enki). For the Indians, Agastya is the first guru who brought yoga to humanity. According to others, he offered medicine and astrology to humans, in accordance with the Book of Enoch, where the patriarch received knowledge of astrology and astronomy among many others.
If the seven Abgal / Apkallu, who civilized the world according to the Mesopotamians, looked like fish, a similar idea is found in the myths of the Dogon people of Mali. They believe that they were civilized by the Nommo, emissaries of the goddess Amma, water spirits similar to fish, present in all forms of water existence. The name of the tribe comes from that of the Canaanite Dagon, the god of fertility and water, who had the appearance of a fish, already matched with Enki. The name of the goddess Amma comes from that of the Egyptian Amun / Amen (called by the Greeks Amon or Ammon), the same Enki of the Sumerians. Even the name Nommo is a slightly modified reverse form of the name of the same Egyptian deity. If the first character in the list of biblical patriarchs, of Sumerian kings and of the seven Abgal / Apkallu represents the rebel god Enki, the Dogons claim that the first Nommo rebelled against the supreme god’s order and was punished for it. Undoubtedly, the Nommo are the same entities that the myths of other peoples speak of. Unfortunately, the Dogons do not have many details about these beings, but we can find more information about Enoch in other cultures.
The Chinese also preserve the memory of ten antediluvian rulers, called the Ten Legendary Kings. The first was Pangu or P’an ku, the creator of the Universe. After his death, the world was ruled by the Three Sovereigns, Fu Xi, Nuwa and Shennong. Fu Xi or Fu Hsi is considered the inventor of writing, fishing and hunting. Nuwa, his sister and wife, is the one who created humans and repaired the wall of heaven. The third sovereign, Shennong or Shen-nung, whose name means „Divine Farmer”, taught ancient Chinese agriculture and natural medicine. The Three Sovereigns were followed by the Five Emperors: Huangdi or the Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu or Gaoyang, Ku or Gaoxin, Yao and Shun. These eight civilizing heroes, praised for their wisdom and morality, brought fire to people, taught them how to build houses, invented the calendar, writing and agriculture. The tenth on the Chinese list is Yu the Great, the hero of the Deluge and the founder of the Xia Dynasty. As ten civilizing deities, of which the last survived the Deluge, we can conclude that these are the same characters found in Mesopotamia, Israel, India and Mali. Therefore, the seventh should be Enoch / Enmenduranna / Utuabzu / Euedorachos / Agastya. Emperor Ku, also called Gaoxin or Gaoxin Shi, was the son of Jiao Ji and the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. After receiving the title of emperor, he began to travel in the autumn and winter on a horse and in the spring and summer on a dragon. This flight of Ku reminds us of the celestial travels of Enoch, Enmenduranna and Utuabzu. Ku had four wives, one of whom gave birth to a son after dreaming that she swallowed the Sun, a legend that shows a connection with the star of our solar system, encountered also at Enoch, Enmenduranna and Utuabzu. The Chinese believed that Ku was very wise, was born with two sets of teeth and invented musical instruments.
Ancient Egyptians also made lists of deities who ruled before humans. Below there are three such lists, preserved in the Turin King List, the Palermo Stone and the book Aegyptiaca („History of Egypt”) of the priest Manetho. Although the same gods are mentioned in all three writings, their number varies, just as in Mesopotamia, making it impossible to establish the exact number of the first rulers of the Earth:
| Turin King List | Palermo Stone | Aegiptiaka | |
| 1 | Ptah | Hephaistos | |
| 2 | Ra | Helios | |
| 3 | Shu | Shu | Agathodaemon |
| 4 | Geb | Keb | Cronus |
| 5 | Osiris | Osiris | Osiris |
| 6 | Seth | Seth | Typhon |
| 7 | Horus | Horus | Horus |
| 8 | Thoth | Thoth | |
| 9 | Ma’at | Ma’at | |
| 10 | Horus | Horus |
Philosopher Plato wrote in the Critias dialogue about Atlantis, a powerful kingdom ruled by the sons of the god Poseidon and the mortal woman Cleito. These demigods were ten and were named Atlas, Eumelus or Gadeirus, Ampheres, Evaemon, Mneseus, Autochthon, Elasippus, Mestor, Azaes and Diaprepes. Because Plato did not provide details about them, preferring only to list them, we cannot know if these are the same ten antediluvian semi-divine kings mentioned by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Akkadians, Chinese, Indians and Jews. However, the first king of Atlantis bears the name of the leader of the Titan army in the war against the Olympian gods, who in other cultures is Enki. The seventh Atlantean king is named Elasippus, a name similar to Sippar, the city of the seventh Sumerian king. In addition, while many peoples spoke of ten kings who ruled the Earth until it was covered by the waters of the Deluge, Plato mentions ten kings who ruled a territory that ultimately sank under water.
The Arabs also mentioned ten kings of the Adites tribe, who left Babylon and ruled before the Deluge. Here we meet Idris, a prophet mentioned in the Quran, who was taken up to heaven without dying, according to the Islamic tradition. The Quran describes him as „a man of truth„, righteous and patient. For some, his name means „Interpreter”, for others „Instructor”. Exegetes recount that Idris was one of „the first people to use the pencil and also one of the first people to observe the movement of the stars, laying the foundations for scientific measurements„. The oldest accounts of Idris attribute to him „thirty parts of the revealed scripture„, some researchers considering him both a prophet and a messenger of Allah. Although it is not a generally accepted opinion, Idris has been identified with the Hebrew Enoch due to similarities between them.
The biblical patriarchs, the Sumerian kings, the Abgal demigods, the Saptarshi and the Ten Legendary Kings can be compared in the table below:
| Biblical patriarchs | Sumerian kings | Abgal /
Apkallu |
Saptarshi | Legendary Kings | |
| 1 | Adam | Alulim | Uanna | Vashistha | P’an ku |
| 2 | Seth | Alalgar | Uannedugga | Bhardwaja | Fu Xi |
| 3 | Enos | Enmeluanna | Enmedugga | Jamadagni | Nuwa |
| 4 | Cainan | Enmengalanna | Enmegalamma | Gautama | Shennong |
| 5 | Mahalaleal | Dumuzi | Enmebulugga | Atri | Huangdi |
| 6 | Jared | Ensipadzidanna | An-Enlilda | Visvamitra | Zhuanxu |
| 7 | Enoch | Enmenduranna | Utuabzu | Agastya | Ku |
| 8 | Methuselah | Ubara-Tutu | Yao | ||
| 9 | Lamech | Sukurlam | Shun | ||
| 10 | Noah | Ziusudra | Yu |
Besides Enoch, Enmeduranna, Ibris and Utuabzu, there is another character considered the first mortal to ascend to heaven: Adapa. The Myth of Adapa says that he was „a wise man whose command none should oppose„, „the prudent, the most wise among the Anunnaki„, „blameless, of clean hands, anointed, observer of the divine statutes„, created by Ea / Enki „as chief among men„. Every day, Adapa came to Enki’s temple in Eridu to bring offerings to the god. Once, while fishing in a boat near „the pure dam, the new moon dam„, the south wind overturned his boat. Angry, Adapa cursed the wind, causing one of its wings to break. Learning of this, the supreme god Anu commanded his vizier, Ilabrat, to bring him the troublesome priest. Then Ea, „who knows the heaven„, urged Adapa to wear his hair disheveled and a mourning garment when he will stand before Anu, to give an account of his actions. „Food of death they will set before thee, eat not. Water of death they will set before thee, drink not. Garments they will set before thee, put them on. Oil they will set before thee, anoint thyself. The counsel that I have given thee, forget not. The words which I have spoken, hold fast„, the god advised him. Ilabrat took Adapa to heaven, before Anu. The Emperor asked him why he broke the wing of the south wind and Adapa admitted that he was upset because the wind overturned his boat. Because the guardians of the celestial gate supported Adapa, Anu „calmed himself” but could not help but wonder: „why has Ea revealed to impure mankind the heart of heaven and Earth? A heart… has created within him, has made him a name?„. Although he found no answer to this question and forgetting that Adapa should have been punished for destroying the wing of the south wind, Anu wondered: „what can we do with him?„. Immediately he decided: „food of life bring him, that he may eat„. However, Adapa did not forget Ea’s teachings: „Food of life they brought him, but he ate not. Water of life they brought him, but he drank not. Garments they brought him. He clothed himself. Oil they brought him. He anointed himself„. Anu looked at Adapa and asked: „Come, Adapa, why hast thou not eaten, not drunken? Now thou shalt not live„. The priest admitted that Enki had taught him to refuse food and drink. Upon hearing this, Emperor Anu sent him back. „Take him and bring him back to his earth„, he commanded the guards.
Adapa is considered one of the seven Abgal / Apkallu, sent by Enki to civilize mankind, matched by some researchers with Utuabzu. Being the first human to fly in heaven, son of Enki and a high priest, Adapa can only be Enoch. His story can help us discover the truth about how Anu was informed of the deeds of the Watchers in the Book of Enoch. However, to do this, we need to resolve the inconsistencies in the Myth of Adapa. We do not know why Anu granted Adapa immortality, as the legend does not explain this aspect. Maybe he offered the gift of immortality because of the sincerity that Adapa had shown. However, if the Emperor was asking himself „why has Ea revealed to impure mankind the heart of heaven and Earth?” without finding an answer, it is hard to believe that he would have granted immortality to that „impure” man in addition to „the heart of heaven and Earth„, the heart meaning the wisdom of heaven and Earth. Or the secrets of the gods.
In the biblical Genesis, Adam was banished from Eden after gaining knowledge, as the Elohim gods were afraid he might also obtain immortality: „Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever„. If the gods of the Jews thought in this way, why would the gods of the Sumerians have reacted differently? Besides, the world myths claim that the gods only granted immortality for exceptional deeds, and never to humans, but only to demigods. For example, for the Greeks, the demigods Hercules and Achilles became immortal and were accepted among the gods for their unmatched heroic deeds. Gilgamesh was denied immortality, and this secret was entrusted to him only after a very long journey full of adventures. In the same Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim received this gift because he survived the Deluge and saved all the animal species existing on Earth at that time. Therefore, Anu would not have granted Adapa immortality just because he admitted that he had broken the wing of the south wind because he was furious, but for a significant deed. And this can be only one: Adapa was rewarded because he informed Anu of the deeds of the Watchers.
The Myth of Adapa claims that Enki taught Adapa to refuse the „food of death” and the „water of death” offered by Anu, which led to the priest missing his chance to become immortal. It cannot be a mistake of the god. The god of wisdom, „who knows the heaven„, also knew that bread and water would be offered to Adapa. Therefore, he also knew that these would make him immortal. So, it is a premeditated act; Enki wanted his priest not to receive immortality. Why would he do this? Adapa was „the prudent, the most wise among the Anunnaki„, „blameless, of clean hands„, created by Enki to be „as chief among men„, an „anointed, observer of the divine statutes” who performed his duty exemplarily, offering daily offerings to the god. Enki seems to have had no reason to deceive not only a devoted follower but even one of his sons. However, the reason that the Myth of Adapa does not reveal is a very serious one, namely betrayal. It seems that Enki knew that Adapa planned to inform Anu of the Watchers’ deeds and also knew that he would be offered the gift of immortality as a reward, so he deceived him. But if he knew what his priest would do, why didn’t he stop him? The answer is simple: Enki wanted Anu to find out. He knew that the Emperor would send Enlil back to Earth to punish the Watchers. Marduk, Enki’s son, had grown up and was ready to take the throne from Enlil and avenge his father. However, unlike the first war of the gods, which he lost because of numerical inferiority, Enki now had a large army, consisting of many demigods endowed with extraordinary abilities, well-armed and trained. In addition to these, the Watchers also had many humans willing to fight on their side, whom they had already taught how to make weapons and how to use them. Therefore, for the revenge plan to succeed, Enlil had to return to Earth. And for this to happen, someone had to give him a good reason. And the most suitable for this mission was Enoch.
The Bible claims that, at that time, „the wickedness of man was great in the earth” and „every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually” (Genesis 6:5). Taught by the Watchers to make weapons, humans also used them, fueled by the demigods who never ceased to display their deeds of valor. All these fights aimed to inoculate a predilection for violence and to increase humans’ aggressiveness so they could become soldiers. Hesiod wrote that, during this period, people lived 100 years like children, but only a few years as adults, spending their time in conflict with each other. Humans and demigods not only fought amongst themselves, but often trained with Enki’s creatures, the monsters from legend, the product of his genetic experiments. Compared to the Golden Age in which people had lived until then, this period seemed like one of chaos. In other words, as the Bible says, „the earth was filled with violence” or, according to the Book of Enoch, „there was great impiety, and much fornication, and they went astray, and all their ways became corrupt” (8:2). And the only ones responsible for this chaos were the Watchers. In Chapter 175 of the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Thoth acknowledged that the Watchers invented wars, unleashed disasters, wreaked havoc and committed injustices. Although Enoch also received the teachings of the Watchers, he was not their follower, but only of Marduk, considered at that time the son of Enlil. Without knowing that the god he served was actually the son of the one he betrayed. Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hebrew and Arabic writings all suggest that he was „a man of truth„, honest and upright, a true role model for humans. Therefore, he could not agree with the situation on Earth. He had to do something about it, and the only one who could restore order, returning humanity to the Golden Age, was Anu, the supreme god. So Enoch decided to be the one to inform the Emperor. For this, he had to find a way to get to the heavens.
In the Myth of Adapa, Enoch broke the south wind’s wing because it overturned his boat. The wind in the story cannot be an ordinary air current because it cannot be broken in any possible way, its wings being only metaphorical. It is most likely one of the gods’ shuttles, often called „metal birds” in myths. If it were a shuttle, Enoch / Adapa could not have broken its wing with a curse, but rather by a concrete deed. But how could he have done this? Did a shuttle pass by him, overturning his boat, and he threw something at it, hitting its wing? Who would have flown an aircraft so close to the surface of the water? And what could Enoch have thrown to break a wing of a shuttle? The most logical version is that he stole a vehicle of the gods, which he tried to drive alone towards Anu’s heaven. However, since he didn’t know where to go nor how to drive shuttles, he barely managed to start it, but crashed it, breaking one of its wings. Knowing he would have to give an explanation to Enki, who would have certainly found out about the shuttle’s destruction, Enoch made up the story about the curse. At the same time, he lied to his god that Anu already knew about his deed and he was waiting for him in heaven, so that Enki would offer him a means of transportation. But the god of intelligence and wisdom could not be fooled so easily. He, „who knows the heaven„, certainly knew also what was happening on Earth. Therefore, he knew that Adapa planned to inform Anu about the Watchers’ deeds. But because he wanted the Emperor to find out and send Enlil to Earth, he pretended to believe Enoch’s nonsense. However, knowing that his priest would be rewarded with immortality, he deceived him to punish him. When Enoch / Adapa arrived in front of Anu, he told him everything that was happening on Earth. Learning about the Watchers’ deeds, the Emperor became furious and his gatekeepers had to intervene to calm him down. Eventually he „calmed himself„, then studied the man in front of him, who looked unkempt (Enki had advised him to wear his hair disheveled and a mourning garment), wondering why the leader of the Watchers had civilized such unimportant beings („why has Ea revealed to impure mankind the heart of heaven and Earth?„). However, he still rewarded the mortal for his loyalty, who fell into Enki’s trap, refusing the gift of immortality. When Enoch explained that Enki had advised him to refuse those gifts, Anu understood that the god of wisdom had set a trap for the mortal. Therefore, he knew Enoch’s intentions, and since he allowed him to reach Anu, it means that he was planning something. Which couldn’t be a good thing. „Take him and bring him back to his earth„, Anu told his gatekeepers, but not before asking Enoch to convey a message to Enki: „Fear not, Enoch, thou righteous man and scribe of righteousness: approach hither and hear my voice. And go, say to the Watchers of heaven, who have sent thee to intercede for them: (…) ‘You have been in heaven, but all the mysteries had not yet been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the women, and through these mysteries women and men work much evil on earth’. Say to them therefore: ‘You have no peace’” (The Book of Enoch 15:1-2, 16:3). In addition, „all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons” (10:7-8), Anu reassured Enoch. The demigod did as he was commanded and went straight to Enki: „Azazel, thou shalt have no peace: a severe sentence has gone forth against thee to put thee in bonds: And thou shalt not have toleration nor request granted to thee, because of the unrighteousness which thou hast taught, and because of all the works of godlessness and unrighteousness and sin which thou hast shown to men” (13:1-3). Of course, these threats meant nothing for Enki, everything happening according to his plan. But he pretended to be frightened and, along with him, his Watchers („and they were all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them„). To prevent Anu from suspecting that everything was part of a plan, he even asked Enoch to write a petition in his name, asking for forgiveness. Anu rejected the Watchers’ request, sending Enoch back to them with another set of threats. Finding that they did not receive mercy, „they were all sitting gathered together, weeping in ‘Abelsjail, which is between Lebanon and Seneser, with their faces covered„, in a dramatic performance that could have won them an Oscar for Best Acting if such awards had existed at that time. Enki’s plan succeeded, and the Book of Enoch claims that the heavenly emperor sent four archangels to Earth to punish both the Watchers and their children. Their leader was the archangel Michael, none other than Enlil, Enki’s old nemesis.
The general belief is that the supreme god was angry with the Watchers because of their mating with mortals. However, the Book of Enoch makes it very clear that the reason for his anger has nothing to do with sex, but with the Watchers’ intervention in human development. „And other forms I saw hidden in that place (the underground prison of the Watchers). I heard the voice of the angel saying: ‘These are the angels who descended to the earth, and revealed what was hidden to the children of men and seduced the children of men into committing sin’” (64:1-2). From this passage we can understand that the biggest sin of the angels was the disclosure of „what was hidden„, with no reference to sexual relationships. Even if the sentence „seduced the children of men into committing sin” can be considered an allusion to mating, it most likely refers to other much more serious sins, such as murders, abortions, the use of magic or wars. Chapter 65 emphasizes twice the reason for punishing the Watchers and humans: „And a command has gone forth from the presence of the Lord concerning those who dwell on the earth that their ruin is accomplished because they have learnt all the secrets of the angels, and all the violence of the Satans, and all their powers -the most secret ones- and all the power of those who practice sorcery, and the power of witchcraft, and the power of those who make molten images for the whole earth: And how silver is produced from the dust of the earth, and how soft metal originates in the earth. For lead and tin are not produced from the earth like the first: it is a fountain that produces them, and an angel stands therein, and that angel is pre-eminent” (65:6-9). Therefore, humans were to be killed because they received the secrets of the angels, not because they had sex with them. „And He said unto me: ‘Because of their unrighteousness their judgement has been determined upon and shall not be withheld by Me for ever. Because of the sorceries which they have searched out and learnt, the earth and those who dwell upon it shall be destroyed’. And these-they have no place of repentance for ever, because they have shown them what was hidden, and they are the damned: but as for thee, my son, the Lord of Spirits knows that thou art pure, and guiltless of this reproach concerning the secrets” (65:10-11). No reference to sex this time either. In chapter 9, the archangels informed the supreme god of Azazel’s deeds: „Thou seest what Azazel hath done, who hath taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed the eternal secrets which were (preserved) in heaven, which men were striving to learn” (9:6-7). The message of the heavenly emperor to the Watchers, transmitted through Enoch, was as follows: „You have been in heaven, but all the mysteries had not yet been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the women, and through these mysteries women and men work much evil on earth” (16:3). Therefore, Azazel / Enki’s angels were punished because they intervened in human development, and the earthlings were punished because they received those teachings. The same thing can be found in Greek mythology: Titan Prometheus was punished by Zeus, the ruler of the gods, for bringing fire from heaven to humans, which is equivalent to the Serpent of the Old Testament who convinced humans to taste the fruit of knowledge. The existence of an order from Anu that forbade the intervention of the gods in the development of humanity is also evident in several Sumerian myths, which state that the Igigi / Watchers „did not interfere in human affairs„.
The heavenly emperor did not care about the cross-breedings between humans and angels, as can be observed in all ancient cultures: gods from both sides mated with mortals, without anyone being disturbed by this. Furthermore, the cross-breedings between humans and gods continued after the Deluge and no god expressed dissatisfaction about it. According to the Bible, when the Israelites who left Egypt arrived in Canaan, they found giants there, although it was assumed that all were killed by the Deluge: „And they brought up an evil report of the land which they had searched unto the children of Israel, saying, The land, through which we have gone to search it, is a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof; and all the people that we saw in it are men of a great stature. And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight” (Numbers 13:32-33); „our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakims there” (Deuteronomy 1:28); „Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and fenced up to heaven, A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children of Anak!” (Deuteronomy 9:1-2). These giants were called „sons of Anak„, „Anakim” or „Rephaim„: „And at that time came Joshua, and cut off the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua destroyed them utterly with their cities. There was none of the Anakims left in the land of the children of Israel: only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, there remained” (Joshua 11:21-22). From Gath was the most famous giant of the Bible, Goliath, „whose height was six cubits and a span” (1 Samuel 17:4). Also, one of the Rephaim (translated as „giants” in King James Bible) is described in Deuteronomy 3:11: „For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man„, which recalls the demigod Procrustes from Greek mythology, who stretched people to fit perfectly in his iron bed (in later versions of the myth, he cut off the legs of those who were too tall). If Goliath’s height was 3.12 meters and Og’s bed was 4.32 meters long and 1.92 meters wide, we can consider them to be part of the race of giants, those two being Anakim or Rephaim. How is it possible for giants to exist long after the Deluge, even though it is believed that they all died drowned? The explanation is simple: the cross-breedings between humans and gods continued after the Deluge, giving birth to the Anakim and Rephaim. Even the name Anakim reveals their identity: the sons of Anak were the sons of the Mesopotamian Anunnaki. The phonetic similarity between the two names is striking and we cannot consider it coincidental, as the Bible, the Mesopotamian legends and those of other peoples refer to the same characters and events.
What happened to Enoch? Genesis 5:22-24 states that „And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years: And Enoch walked with Elohim: and he was not; for Elohim took him„. However, a fragment from the Book of Noah, discovered at the Dead Sea, begins with „on the fourteenth day of the seventh month of the five hundredth year of Enoch’s life„. According to the chronology of the Bible, Enoch was taken up to heaven 775 years before the Deluge. Genesis 6:3 claims that the supreme god decided to flood the Earth 120 years before the Deluge. This means that during his lifetime on Earth, Enoch could not have known about the world’s destruction since he was taken to heaven 655 years before the celestial emperor planned it. However, Chapters 54 and 89 of the Book of Enoch claim that he knew about the coming of the Deluge, receiving this information through a vision. Furthermore, the supreme god revealed to him the reason for the calamity: humans had to be destroyed because of the teachings received from the Watchers. How could the god reveal to Enoch a plan that he would make six centuries later? All of these inconsistencies have one explanation: Enoch was not taken up to heaven at the age of 365, but much later, probably shortly before the Deluge. It seems unlikely that he was taken from Earth without a good reason, but rather to be saved from the water that was to cover the planet. The editors of the Bible chose the number 365 not because it represented Enoch’s age when he was taken up to heaven, but because it signifies the number of days in a solar year, thus hiding in the Book of Genesis the patriarch’s connection to the Sun. Because, as we have seen in the Mesopotamian myths, Enoch was the high priest of the sun-god Utu / Marduk.
Jewish folklore claims that after his ascension to heaven, Enoch was deified, becoming an angel. He was named Metatron and became Yahweh’s scribe and messenger, receiving the highest position in the hierarchy of angels. He was the only one who had permission to sit in Yahweh’s presence, which made Rabbi Elishah ben Abuyah of the first century AD to consider the scribe-angel also a divinity. Metatron was often called „the lesser Yahweh” or „the lesser Tetragrammaton„. The numerical value of his name is equal to that of El Shaddai, one of the names of the biblical god, therefore he has been said to have „a name like his master„. In the Babylonian Talmud, Metatron is considered „the prince of the world„. The Zohar calls him „the young one” and identifies him with the angel who led the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt. The Third Book of Enoch details Enoch’s transformation into Metatron, claiming that his flesh turned into flames, his veins into fire, his eyelids into lightning and his eyes into burning torches. The god who took Enoch into his service and transformed him into a deity cannot be the heavenly emperor Anu. First of all, Christian folklore claims that the archangel Michael is the right hand of the ruler of the world, not Metatron. Secondly, Yahweh of the Jews is Marduk of the Babylonians, the god whom Enoch served as high priest during his earthly life.
In Babylonian and Assyrian religions, Marduk indeed had a scribe who was also his minister (the foremost advisor, the right hand of the god). This scribe, called Nabu by the Babylonians and Nebo by the Assyrians, was later considered Marduk’s son, born to the mortal Sarpanit (also Zarpanit, Zarpandit, Zerpanitum, Zerbanitu or Zirbanit). The fact that only his father was a god, while his mother was a mere mortal, makes Nabu a demigod. However, for the Babylonians and Assyrians he was the god of writing and scribes, Marduk’s right hand and heir, the keeper of the Tablets of Destiny, on which he recorded all the deeds of the mortals. Sometimes he was also worshiped as the god of wisdom, waters and fertility, inheriting these domains from his grandfather, Ea / Enki. He was depicted with a horned cap (which signifies the crescent moon, the symbol of Enki’s family), clasping his hands (an ancient gesture of the priesthood), sometimes riding Marduk’s winged dragon (just like the seventh of the Ten Legendary Kings of the Chinese, Ku, who flew on a dragon in spring and summer). His name comes from the Akkadian root „nb„, which means „to call” or „to announce”, meaning „The One Who Was Called” or „The One Who Announces” (which highlights his function as a messenger). His main center of worship was Borsippa, the city twinned with Marduk’s Babylon. In Babylonian astrology, the planet Mercury was assigned to him.
In the description of Nabu we easily recognize Metatron, the former Enoch. Nabu was identified by the Greeks with the second Hermes and by the Romans with Mercury. Initially, Hermes was considered the god of fertility and the inventor of fire, sometimes taking the form of a serpent, depicted as a mature bearded man (the symbol of the ancient gods, the first arrived on our planet), dressed as a traveler or a shepherd. This can only be Enki of the Sumerians. One of Hermes’ symbols was the caduceus, the staff with two serpents coiled around it and a pair of wings at the top, the symbol of Enki. Later on, Hermes became the messenger of the gods, the god of travelers, thieves, shepherds, literature and inventions. During classical and Hellenistic Greece he was depicted as a young man with an athletic body, naked or covered with a robe. With the help of his winged sandals, Hermes traveled on Earth, in the sky and in the Underworld. Through his attributes, he presents connections with magic, sacrifices, initiation and contact with other planes of existence, serving as a mediator between the world of humans and that of the gods. This second Hermes is Enoch, who became Metatron. Greek mythology confirms that he was mortal, receiving eternal life only after suckling milk from the goddess Hera’s breast.
When the Greeks encountered the Egyptian culture, they equated their pantheon with the Egyptian one. They matched their Hermes with the Egyptian Djehuty, whom they called Thoth. Here also seems to be two deities with the same name. Depicted as a baboon, the first Thoth was the supreme god of the city of Khemenu (called Hermoupolis Magna by the Greeks), the leader of a group of eight deities, the god of fertility, Moon, wisdom and magic, the one who created himself through thinking, none other than the Sumerian Enki. Later, Thoth became the god of scribes, the mediator of conflicts between the gods, the scribe of Osiris in the Underworld, the inventor of the alphabet, writing, religion and astronomy. His physical appearance was modified, being depicted as a man with an ibis head (a word from which the name Idris originated, given by the Arabs to Enoch). If the first Thoth was the god of the Moon, the second is connected with the Sun. In a myth he won five days from the Moon, which he added to the 360 already existing, thus giving birth to the solar year of 365 days. Historian Manethon claimed that Thoth wrote 36,525 books, an obvious reference to the 365.25 days of the solar year. This second Thoth can only be Nabu / Metatron. Besides, if the Jews reffered to the Book of Enoch, which was said to have been written by the prophet, the ancient Egyptians spoke of the Book of Thoth, written by the god himself.
The Greeks combined the second Hermes with the second Thoth of the Egyptians, resulting in Hermes Trismegistus („Hermes thrice great”), the god of wisdom and writing, the patron of astrology and alchemy, the one who led souls to the afterlife. Of the thousands of texts attributed to him, the most well-known are the Emerald Tablets, Asclepius and Corpus Hermeticum. In the latter, Hermes Trismegistus is described as a man who became a god or as a man who was the son of a god, very accurate descriptions of Nabu. In Islamic tradition, Hermes Trismegistus is matched with Idris, who is the same as Enoch of the Jews. Baha’u’llah, the founder of the Baha’i faith in Persia, also matched Hermes with Idris. In the Hitat collection it is said of Hermes Trismegistus that „the information about him is different. It is said that he was one of the seven Watchers, with the mission of watching over the seven houses (planets) and that he had to fulfill the commands of Utarid (Mercury), and was named after him; for Utarid means Hermes in the language of the Chaldeans. According to others, he traveled through Egypt for various reasons and ruled the country as a king; he was the wise man of his time„, a quote in which we identify the two Hermes / Thoth: god Enki and demigod Nabu.
Occultist Edgar Cayce claimed that Hermes or Thoth was an engineer from Atlantis who built the Egyptian pyramids. Chapter 33 of the Hitat collection states that Hermes Trismegistus read in the stars about the coming of the Deluge, which is why he ordered the construction of the pyramids of Giza, where he hid treasures, writings of the scholars and everything that needed to be saved from destruction. Scholar Ibrahim B. Wasif Sah al-Katib wrote in News about Egypt and Its Wonders that King Saurid had a dream in which „the Earth turned upside down with its inhabitants, terrified, people fled in all directions, stars fell, crashing into each other, making a deafening noise„. His 130 soothsayers interpreted the dream saying that the world would be destroyed by a flood. Saurid decided to build the pyramids of Giza, in which „all the secret sciences of the Egyptians were incorporated, the constellations were drawn on them„, including „the science of talismans, arithmetic and geometry„. About this King Saurid, the son of Sahluk, the son of Sirbak, the son of Tumidun, the son of Tadrasan, the son of Husal, Hitat says that „he was Hermes, whom the Arabs call Idris„. As in the legend of Saurid, chapters 54 and 89 of the Book of Enoch claim that Enoch learned through a vision that the Deluge would come. The three pyramids of Giza are also mentioned here, although there is no connection between Enoch and their construction: „And I went from thence to the middle of the earth, and I saw a blessed place in which there were trees with branches abiding and blooming [of a dismembered tree]. And there I saw a holy mountain, and underneath the mountain to the east there was a stream and it flowed towards the south. And I saw towards the east another mountain higher than this, and between them a deep and narrow ravine: in it also ran a stream underneath the mountain. And to the west thereof there was another mountain, lower than the former and of small elevation, and a ravine deep and dry between them: and another deep and dry ravine was at the extremities of the three mountains. And all the ravines were deep and narrow, (being formed) of hard rock, and trees were not planted upon them. And I marveled at the rocks, and I marveled at the ravine, yea, I marveled very much” (26:1-6). When Enoch asked what was the purpose of that realm, he was told that it „is for those who are accursed for ever: Here shall all the accursed be gathered together who utter with their lips against the Lord unseemly words and of His glory speak hard things. Here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be their place of judgement” (27:2-3). Although it is not specified in the text, we can assume that it is referring to the Giza plateau. The Great Pyramid is built at the intersection of the longest latitudinal and longitudinal lines, which can be considered the „middle of the earth„. The three „holy” mountains, beside which there was a stream, are the three pyramids located near the Nile. Enoch describes the „mountain” in the east as the tallest, while at Giza the Great Pyramid is the eastern one. The smallest „mountain” seen by Enoch was the one in the west, just as the western pyramid at Giza is the smallest of the three. It does not seams that he was actually shown the pyramids of Giza, but rather their plans (probably a three-dimensional projection) to help him build them.
Sumerian, Egyptian, Hebrew and Babylonian myths can help us learn Enoch’s exact mission. It is said that he was sent to civilize mankind, but it is not reveal to us the domain of which the informations he gave to people were a part. However, we can find this out. Genesis 4:26 states that during the time of Enos, third patriarch in the lineage of Seth, „then began men to call upon the name of Elohim„. In other words, that was when religion began. However, in the genealogical line of Cain, the third patriarch is Enoch, a name similar to Enos. We have matched Enoch from the lineage of Seth with the Sumerian king Enmenduranna, who brought divination to people and was considered the ancestor of all priests. Also, Enoch was the second Thoth of the Egyptians, who was said to have invented religion. Therefore, Enoch is the founder of primordial religion and the Bible‘s editors tried to conceal this behind the character of Enos. In those times, religion was much different than it is today. Priests dealt not only with mediating between humans and gods, but also with astrology, astronomy, magic and medicine. Magic helped priests communicate directly with the deities, while the study of stars allowed them to indirectly discover their intentions, people of those times matching their gods with celestial bodies, a custom that persisted until recently. The Book of Enoch shows that he was initiated into the mysteries of astronomy and astrology. Furthermore, the connection between religion and the study of stars is obvious here, as Enoch compares angels to stars, calling the fallen ones „fallen stars„. Even archaeology confirms the emergence of religion during Enoch’s lifetime. According to the Sumerian King List, preserved on clay tablets, and in the book of the priest Berossus, Enoch lived between 253,200 and 188,400 BC. Archaeologists have discovered that during this period (specifically around 223,000 BC), the first ceremonial burial rituals took place in Europe and Asia Minor. It seems that the emergence of religion was prepared from the very beginning of mankind, as more and more scientists believe. Researchers at Yale University argue that religious beliefs, as part of human nature, are deeply ingrained in the human brain and everything is genetically programmed since our emergence as a species. Also, in the book Why God won’t go Away, published in 2001, Andrew Newberg and Eugene d’Aquili asserted: „the human brain has been genetically configured to encourage religious belief„. Therefore, Enoch’s mission to implement a first religion among humans was a piece of cake. The inventor of the primordial religion was Enki, the divine geneticist, as our ancestors claimed. And his motive is not hard to guess. Considering that religion is still the most effective method of mass manipulation, the god of wisdom only found a way to keep mortals on a leash to ensure their loyalty. In other words, with the help of religion, he turned people into an army of slaves ready to give their lives for him and the rest of the Watchers.
Chapter 83 of the Book of Enoch relates that the prophet had two contacts with the gods before getting married: first one when he announced the deeds of the Watchers to Anu, after which he was initiated into various mysteries of heaven; second one, in which the Deluge was shown to him, took place shortly before he chose a wife. Therefore, after being trained for a good amount of time, he was left on Earth to begin his mission of civilizing people. We can assume that the moment he got married coincided with the beginning of his mission; then he ended his walks among the gods and settled among humans, bringing them religion. Enoch was 165 years old in the Second Book of Enoch and the Orthodox Bible (65 in the Catholic and Protestant version) when his first son, Methuselah, was born. The birth of his first child occurred shortly after his marriage, and therefore after the beginning of his religious mission. The Bible also states that „all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years„, while according to the Sumerian King List he ruled for 64,800 years. In this case, one biblical year corresponds to 177.53 years of the Sumerians. If Enoch began his reign in 253,200 BC, his son’s birth and the beginning of his religious mission occurred after 165 biblical years (29,293.15 years), around 223,906 BC. Archaeologists suggest that the first ceremonial burial rituals emerged around 223,000 BC, which confirms the story of Enoch.
Based on all the information gathered about him, we can conclude that Enoch was a demigod created by Enki, the seventh of the ten kings of the Earth before the Deluge. He brought religion to humanity and was the high priest of Marduk, who was considered the sun-god at that time. He was endowed with exceptional wisdom, „a man of truth„, honest and upright, a true role model for humans. He informed Anu of the actions of the Watchers, and just before the Deluge he built the pyramids of Giza. He was later taken from Earth and welcomed among the gods, being granted immortality. He became the scribe, messenger, right-hand man and heir of Marduk. He was named Hanok, Enoch, Enmenduranna, Euedorachos, Utuabzu, Adapa, Agastya, Ku, Elasippos, Idris, Saurid, Djehuty, Thoth, Hermes Trismegistus, Nabu and Metatron. However, his most well-known name comes from Jewish scriptures: Solomon.
According to Hebrew, Arabic and Persian literature, Solomon was the king of Israel between 970 and 931 BC. Inheriting a powerful empire from his father, David, Solomon was gifted by his god with wisdom and wealth. „And king Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, that Yahweh had put in his heart„, claims the Second Book of Chronicles (9:22-23). Each year, Solomon received a tribute of 666 shekels of beaten gold (2 Chronicles 9:15). He had 300 concubines and 700 wives from Moab, Ammon, Edom, Sidon and Hatti, and even married the daughter of the king of Egypt. The only wife whose name is mentioned is the Ammonitess Naamah, who bore him Rehoboam (known as Rehab’am in Hebrew and Roboam in Greek and Latin), the heir to the throne. The Ethiopian manuscript Kebra Nagast tells the story of the queen of Sheba, who also bore a son to Solomon, named Menelik I, who became the „king of kings of Ethiopia„. Solomon built a great temple for his god, as well as a house for himself and one for his Egyptian wife. For these constructions, the king employed 150,000 workers and 3,600 supervisors. The Testament of Solomon states that in addition to humans, the king also used demons to build the temple, which he was able to control with the help of a magic ring inscribed with a six-rayed star that Yahweh gave him. According to The Key of Solomon („Clavis Salomonis” in Latin), The Lesser Keys of Solomon („Clavicula Salomonis Regis”), The Testament of Solomon and the Arabian Nights story, the king used the ring to capture demons. All of these contacts with evil entities (or the influence of his wives, according to the Bible) led to an unexpected result: „Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites” (1 Kings 11:5). And „the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel was forty years” (1 Kings 11:42). A lot of writings have been attributed to him, such as The Song of Solomon, The Testament of Solomon, The Book of Wisdom, The Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Key of Solomon and The Lesser Keys of Solomon.
The story of Solomon seems to be an invention, as there is not a single piece of evidence that there was ever a great Israelite empire, as the editors of the Old Testament want us to believe. His name and that of his father, David, do not appear in any contemporary extrabiblical text and no archaeological discovery allows for their existence to be accredited. The wisdom with which Solomon is supposed to have been endowed does not seem to have been known to contemporary neighboring peoples. According to archaeological discoveries, in the 10th century BC, the period in which Solomon is believed to have reigned, there were no monuments or writing in Israel. Therefore, there was no Great Temple of Yahweh and archaeologists have not found a single piece of evidence of its existence. As history reveals, many of Solomon’s deeds were „borrowed” from the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III, Akhenaten’s father. However, the most important ones are actually those of Nabu / Enoch. He was a powerful and very wise king to whom many writings were attributed. In the Myth of Adapa he was the high priest in the temple of Eridu, the city of Enki. Solomon’s capital was Jerusalem, which means „City of Shalim”, a Canaanite god asssociated with the planet Venus, son of the supreme god El, who can only be the Sumerian Enki. It is said that Solomon ruled for 40 years and the demon Sakhr ruled the country for 40 days in his place after stealing his magic ring, 40 being the number of Enki in Mesopotamia. Solomon built Yahweh’s temple in seven years, and Nabu was the seventh ruler of the world before the Deluge. In the Second Book of Chronicles, „Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred” (2:17), whom Solomon hired to build Yahweh’s temple. In reality, 153,600 represents the number of years that the group of Enlil ruled the Earth before the Deluge, out of a total of 432,000 years, them being „the strangers that were in the land of Israel„. As in Egypt Nabu was the second Djehuty (Thoth), the son of the creator god Djehuty, the father of Solomon is David, written in Hebrew „dwd„, which in Egyptian becomes „tht” or Thoth. Also, the most important deeds of biblical David are copied from those of the pharaoh Tuthmosis IV, which contains the name of the same Thoth. Solomon left his god to worship Moloch and Astarte. As these deities are Marduk and Ishtar of the Babylonians, children of Enki, Solomon’s story confirms that of Nabu, who initially was the high priest of Enki, later becoming a follower of Marduk. At that time, Marduk was the god of the Sun, known in Sumer as Utu and in Akkad and Babylon as Shamash. As Utuabzu includes the name of the sun-god, Enmenduranna was the king of the main cult center of Utu and his high priest, Enoch’s 365 years represent the number of days in a solar year and Thoth created the solar year of 365 days and wrote 36,525 books, Solomon, the name given by the Greeks to the Hebrew Shelomo, contains references to the same celestial body. The first part of the name, „sol„, means „sun” in Latin. The second part, „om„, is the sacred syllable in Hinduism that symbolizes the material manifestation of the supreme god. However, for the yoga guru Swami Sankarananda it represents the Sun, which is also obvious in Aitareya Brahmana, where „om” is the object that shines and illuminates. The third part of the name, „on„, is the name given by the Jews to the city of the Sun in Egypt, called Iunu by the Egyptians and Heliopolis by the Greeks. And let us not forget that the god of Solomon, Yahweh, is the same as Marduk, the son of Enki.
Archaeologists have not found a single evidence of the existence of the Great Temple built by Solomon. On the contrary, they have established that in the 10th century BC, when he is supposed to have ruled, there were no monuments in Israel. Therefore, the three great buildings he erected, the Temple of Yahweh, his palace and the palace of his Egyptian wife, represent something else. If Solomon is indeed Nabu, then his constructions should not be sought in Israel, but in Egypt, where it is said that the demigod erected the most impressive buildings in the world: the pyramids of Giza. In the Bible, Solomon first built his palace and the Temple of Yahweh, the palace of his Egyptian wife being erected after the completion of the first two. Egyptian and Arab chroniclers claim that the two great pyramids of Giza were built first, and the smaller one was raised later. In the Bible, the Temple of Yahweh and Solomon’s palace were built in 20 years. Historian Herodotus wrote that the Great Pyramid was built in 20 years by 100,000 workers. In the Old Testament, the Temple of Yahweh was built by 153,600 people, which represents the number of years that the Celestials’ ruled the Earth before the Deluge. The Second Book of Chronicles states that in the Temple of Yahweh and Solomon’s palace, terraces were built of a „algum trees” (or redwood) and „there were none such seen before in the land of Judah” (9:11), which reminds us of the corridors of the Great Pyramid. The main chamber of Solomon’s Temple, called „The Holy of Holies„, was 20 cubits long. Here, the king brought „two cherubims of image work, and overlaid them with gold” and „the wings of the cherubims were twenty cubits long: one wing of the one cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was likewise five cubits, reaching to the wing of the other cherub” (2 Chronicles 3:10-11). The King’s Chamber in the Great Pyramid is 19.99 cubits long, identical to that of „Holy of Holies” in the Temple of Yahweh. In this „Holy of Holies” Solomon brought the Ark of the Covenant, which has the same dimensions as the granite sarcophagus in the King’s Chamber. In the Temple of Yahweh, Solomon „made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof” (2 Chronicles 4:1). The Book of Isaiah indicates the location of that altar: „In that day shall there be an altar to Yahweh in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to Yahweh. And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the lord of hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto Yahweh because of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and he shall deliver them. And Yahweh shall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know Yahweh in that day” (19:19-21), which confirms the location of Solomon’s temple in Egypt. Yahweh also speaks of the Great Temple as an altar, when he tells Solomon, „I have heard thy prayer, and have chosen this place to myself for an house of sacrifice” (2 Chronicles 7:12). In addition to the two cherubims in the „Holy of Holies„, the temple builders „made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon” (2 Chronicles 3:14) and Solomon „overlaid also the house, the beams, the posts, and the walls thereof, and the doors thereof, with gold; and graved cherubims on the walls” (3:7). As the cherubims of the Jews were called sphinxes by the Greeks, we cannot fail to notice the most famous of them, near the pyramids: the Great Sphinx of Giza.
Arab chronicler al-Masudi reported that in 820 AD, when the men of Caliph al-Ma’mun entered the Great Pyramid, they found two statues whose dimensions were larger than those of a human being. The first, carved from black stone, depicted a warrior with a weapon in his hand. The second, made of white stone, represented a woman also holding a weapon. Between the two statues was a vessel hermetically sealed, made of red crystal. The Arabs took the statues and all the other objects discovered in the pyramid, which the caliph hid in a secret museum „where he locked up with great care those objects, which had not been made by the hand of man„. The Old Testament repeatedly confirms the existence, at different times, of two statues in the Temple of Yahweh, similar to those in the Great Pyramid. King Manasseh „set a carved image, the idol which he had made, in the house of Yahweh” (2 Chronicles 33:7); „And he set a graven image of Asherah that he had made in the house, of which Yahweh said to David, and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever” (2 Kings 21:7); And Ahab made an Asherah; and Ahab did more to provoke Yahweh the god of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him” (1 Kings 16:33); King Asa removed his mother „from being queen, because she had made an idol for Astarte; and Asa destroyed her idol, and burnt it by the brook Kidron” (1 Kings 15:13); „And he brought out the Asherah from the house of Yahweh, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people” (2 Kings 23:6); „And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of Yahweh all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for Astarte, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel” (2 Kings 23:4); „By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this is all the fruit to take away his sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the Asherahs and images of Astarte shall not stand up” (Isaiah 27:9). Who were those „idols” in the Great Pyramid? We find the answer in the First Book of Kings: „Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites” (11:5). The statues in the Temple of Yahweh or the Great Pyramid represent the gods of Solomon, Yahweh / Marduk and Ishtar. If the figures in the sculptures discovered by al-Ma’mun’s men were armed, so was Yahweh, as stated in the Book of Isaiah: „In that day Yahweh with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea” (27:1). As the sea means the Nile river in the Book of Isaiah, this passage also includes a reference to Egypt. Several researchers have concluded that the religion of the Jews was polytheistic for a long time, with Yahweh being worshipped alongside his wife, Asherah, until the Jews returned from the Babylonian exile, when monotheism was adopted. In support of this theory, a ceramic inscription from the 8th century BC was discovered in the Sinai Desert, in which the author asked for the blessing of „Yahweh and his Asherah„. Although that inscription has „disappeared”, many similar ones have been found.
The so-called Temple of Yahweh, built by Solomon, can only be the Great Pyramid of Egypt. The Bible describes it as a magnificent and eternal monument: „O Israel! How great is the temple of Yahweh and how vast is the place of his dominion!” (Baruch 3:24), „And this house, which is high, shall be an astonishment to every one that passeth by it” (2 Chronicles 7:21), „And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever” (Psalm 78:69), „But I have built an house of habitation for thee, and a place for thy dwelling for ever” (2 Chronicles 6:2), „For now have I chosen and sanctified this house, that my name may be there for ever: and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually” (2 Chronicles 7:16). If it were a construction in Israel from which not even the slightest trace remained, it would contradict the idea of eternity in the Old Testament. However, this fits the Great Pyramid, the oldest of the seven wonders of the world and the only one that has survived until today, whose existence seems to be eternal. Arab chroniclers considered the pyramids of Giza to be the tombs of the god Thoth and his children, and Solomon presents a similar idea in the Old Testament when he calls upon Yahweh in his great temple: „Now therefore arise, O Yahweh Elohim, into thy resting place” (2 Chronicles 6:41). If the Great Pyramid is the Temple of Yahweh, this explains the constant presence of Jews in Egypt, according to the Bible: Abraham, who came from Sumer, first went to Egypt and only then to Canaan, the land promised by his god; Joseph arrived in Egypt and brought his whole family there; because of their fear of the Assyrians and Babylonians, many Jews fled to Egypt, just as Joseph, Mary and the infant Jesus did several centuries later; after their return from the Babylonian exile, many Jews headed for Egypt, eventually settling in Alexandria, where 72 scholars translated the Jewish scriptures into Greek. In 1897, there were over 25,000 Jews in Egypt, most of them living in the cities of Cairo (near the Great Pyramid) and Alexandria. By 1937, the number of Jews had increased to 63,500. It was only in 1956 that the Egyptian government managed to expel 25,000 Jews, and in 1967, after the Six-Day War, the number of Jews in Egypt decreased to 2,500. After the remaining Jews in Egypt were allowed to leave the country in the 1970s, the Jewish community was reduced to just a few families. However, in 1979, the Jews regained their rights following the Camp David peace agreement between Israel and Egypt. Today, the Jewish community in Egypt has almost disappeared, consisting of approximately 200 people.
Taking all this information into account, we can establish the true story of Nabu. Born 253,200 years BC from a god and probably an earthling, Nabu served Enki in Eridu. Endowed by his god with wisdom far superior to other mortals, he was trained in various fields in order to teach them to humans. However, dissatisfied with the chaos created by the teachings of the Watchers, Nabu found a way to make Anu aware of the events on Earth. The Emperor promised him that the Watchers and demigods would be punished, and humanity would experience a new golden age: „And the earth shall be cleansed from all defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and from all torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it from generation to generation and for ever. And in those days I will open the store chambers of blessing which are in the heaven, so as to send them down upon the earth over the work and labour of the children of men. And truth and peace shall be associated together throughout all the days of the world and throughout all the generations of men” (The Book of Enoch 10-22, 11:1). Shortly thereafter, Marduk, Enki’s son, showed Nabu the true plan of Anu to destroy the Earth and all the beings that inhabit it: „the heaven collapsed and was borne off and fell to the earth. And when it fell to the earth I saw how the earth was swallowed up in a great abyss, and mountains were suspended on mountains, and hills sank down on hills, and high trees were rent from their stems, and hurled down and sunk in the abyss” (The Book of Enoch 83:3-5), „the earth turned upside down with all its inhabitants, terrified, people ran in all directions, the stars fell, colliding with each other, making a deafening noise” (News about Egypt and its Wonders). Upon learning these things, Nabu was deeply disappointed with the god to whom he had offered his loyalty. The heavenly Emperor had lied to him, planning to destroy him along with all other humans. Realizing that he had made a mistake by betraying the Watchers, Nabu decided to serve the one who had shown him the truth. And Marduk tasked him with a mission: to create the religion invented by Enki, in order to ensure the loyalty of humans in the upcoming war. He even confessed to Nabu that him, not Enki, was his true father. Marduk offered Nabu the position of high priest and the throne of Earth, crowning him in the city of Sippar, which thus became the new capital of the world. In addition, he gave him a „magic” ring with which he could control „demons”. In reality it was not magic. The ring, engraved with a six-pointed star (Marduk’s symbol), recognized its owner as Marduk’s envoy, his right hand and representative on Earth, giving him the power to control the „demons” (the Watchers). Nabu began his mission entrusted by his divine father in the year 223,906 BC. Later, on Marduk’s orders, he built the pyramids of Giza and, before the Deluge, was taken from Earth and welcomed among the gods, becoming the scribe, messenger and heir of Marduk. He even played a very important role in the second great war of the gods.
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